NU 372 Exam 1 ALREADY PASSED
What is the infection cycle? - =Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, means of transmission,
portal of entry and susceptible host.
Manifestations of infection - =redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function
Lab evidence of infection - =-elevated WBCs (>10,000/mm^3)
-increase in specific types of WBCs
-elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
-presence of pathogen in urine, blood, sputum, or draining culture
-lumbar puncture, stool culture to check for bacteria
Nursing interventions of infection - =-preventing transmission: isolation, hand hygiene
-educating about infectious process; recommend immunizations, nurses receive hep B+ annual
influenza shot
-controlling fever and accompanying discomforts: promote adequate fluid, identify cause of
fever
-monitoring and managing potential complications: V/S and consciousness monitored, X-rays,
lab values
Contact precautions - =-gloves and gown
-ex: c diff, MRSA/VRE, impetigo, scabies
Droplet precautions - =- >5 mm, gloves, gown, goggles, >6 feet apart
-ex: influenza, mumps, rubella, meningitis, pneumonia
Airborne precautions - =- <5 mm, isolation, negative pressure, N95, door+window closed
-ex: tuberculosis, varicella, disseminated herpes zoster
, Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus - =risk factors: young children and older adults, close
physical proximity, immunocompromised, recent surgery, invasive devices, prolonged
hospitalization
treatment: vancomycin, linezoid
prevention: hand washing, PPE, disinfection/sterilization of equipment
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci - =risk factors: immunocompromised, recent surgery, invasive
devices, prolonged antibiotic use, prolonged hospitalization
treatment: vancomycin, linezoid
prevention: hand washing, PPE, disinfection/sterilization of equipment
types and prevention of nosocomial infections - =-central line-associated bloodstream infection
(CLABSI)
-catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)
-surgical site infection (SSI)
-ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
-healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP)
prevention: hand washing, disinfection
Otitis media (manifestations, nursing care, tx, and client teaching) - =manifestations: otalgia (ear
pain), fever, hearing loss, bulging of tympanic membrane, vertigo, 104 fever, ear pulling, severe
pressure, hemorrhaging
nursing care:
tx: tympanoplas
conjunctivitis - =manifestations: pink/red eyes, watery, itchy, burning, pain, discharge, drainage,
crusting, edematous, photophobia, blurred vision, increased tears
tx: antibiotics, antivirals, anti-inflammatory, gentamicin, azithromycin, erythromycin, irrigating
eye, soak in warm saline, compresses
client teaching: hand hygiene, wash discharge, clean linens, do not share eye droppers/towels
What is the infection cycle? - =Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, means of transmission,
portal of entry and susceptible host.
Manifestations of infection - =redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function
Lab evidence of infection - =-elevated WBCs (>10,000/mm^3)
-increase in specific types of WBCs
-elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
-presence of pathogen in urine, blood, sputum, or draining culture
-lumbar puncture, stool culture to check for bacteria
Nursing interventions of infection - =-preventing transmission: isolation, hand hygiene
-educating about infectious process; recommend immunizations, nurses receive hep B+ annual
influenza shot
-controlling fever and accompanying discomforts: promote adequate fluid, identify cause of
fever
-monitoring and managing potential complications: V/S and consciousness monitored, X-rays,
lab values
Contact precautions - =-gloves and gown
-ex: c diff, MRSA/VRE, impetigo, scabies
Droplet precautions - =- >5 mm, gloves, gown, goggles, >6 feet apart
-ex: influenza, mumps, rubella, meningitis, pneumonia
Airborne precautions - =- <5 mm, isolation, negative pressure, N95, door+window closed
-ex: tuberculosis, varicella, disseminated herpes zoster
, Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus - =risk factors: young children and older adults, close
physical proximity, immunocompromised, recent surgery, invasive devices, prolonged
hospitalization
treatment: vancomycin, linezoid
prevention: hand washing, PPE, disinfection/sterilization of equipment
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci - =risk factors: immunocompromised, recent surgery, invasive
devices, prolonged antibiotic use, prolonged hospitalization
treatment: vancomycin, linezoid
prevention: hand washing, PPE, disinfection/sterilization of equipment
types and prevention of nosocomial infections - =-central line-associated bloodstream infection
(CLABSI)
-catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)
-surgical site infection (SSI)
-ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
-healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP)
prevention: hand washing, disinfection
Otitis media (manifestations, nursing care, tx, and client teaching) - =manifestations: otalgia (ear
pain), fever, hearing loss, bulging of tympanic membrane, vertigo, 104 fever, ear pulling, severe
pressure, hemorrhaging
nursing care:
tx: tympanoplas
conjunctivitis - =manifestations: pink/red eyes, watery, itchy, burning, pain, discharge, drainage,
crusting, edematous, photophobia, blurred vision, increased tears
tx: antibiotics, antivirals, anti-inflammatory, gentamicin, azithromycin, erythromycin, irrigating
eye, soak in warm saline, compresses
client teaching: hand hygiene, wash discharge, clean linens, do not share eye droppers/towels
