Mock Exam Echo
Which of the following can be used to assess the pulmonary artery systolic pressure? - ANS
-right atrial pressure and peak pressure gradient of tricuspid regurg
which of the following statements is true regarding the papillary muscles - ANS -the
posteromedial muscle is supplied by a single coronary artery and the anterolateral muscle
receives blood from 2 separate coronary arteries
a patient with conduction abnormalities, asymmetric LV hypertrophy, and hyperechoic
endocardial layer most likely suffers from: - ANS -Fabry Disease
Patients with Fabry Disease usually - ANS -develop LV hypertrophy that can be symmetric or
asymmetric.
the endocardial layer of the wall typically becomes hyperechoic, which helps differentiate Fabry
disease from other causes of LVH. conduction abnormalities are also common
which of the following describes how to differentiate a ruptured chordae attached to a flail
anterior mitral leaflet from a vegetation attached to the anterior mitral leaflet - ANS -mitral
vegetations normally form on the atrial side of the valve and the ruptured chordae related to a
flail leaflet will be identified on the ventricular side of the valve
which of the following is the typical treatment for advanced pericarditis - ANS -pericardiectomy
Which of the following should be omitted from the optimal parasternal long axis view of the LV?
- coronary sinus
- RVOT
- papillary muscle
- descending aorta - ANS -papillary muscle. if papillary muscle is demonstrated, the image is off
axis and the transducer should be angled and tilted to demonstrate the smooth posterior wall
symptoms of clubbed fingers and discolored nail beds are signs of - ANS -cyanosis
biventricular hypertrophy, pericardial effusion and mitral and tricuspid regurg are common
findings in patients with: - ANS -amyloidosis
amyloidosis will cause - ANS -hypertrophy of myocardium of the left AND right ventricular walls.
the ventricular compliance is reduced resulting in MR and TR. a pericardial effusion is also an
associated finding. chronic system hypertension would cause LV hypertrophy. dilated
cardiomyopathy demonstrates thinned ventricular walls. Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a connective
tissue disorder that affects the arterial walls (aorta)
,what is the 1st parameter to consider when assessing a patient for diastolic dysfunction - ANS
-left ventricular ejection fraction
renal cell carcinoma most commonly metastasizes to the heart through the ____ - ANS -IVC
ebstein anomaly is usually associated with - ANS -a secundum ASD and Wolff-Parkinson-White
syndrome
2D evaluation demonstrates a dilated LV with an EF of 8-% and a 3.8cm LA. what will the color
Doppler evaluation demonstrate to explain these findings - ANS -isolated moderate aortic
regurg
what indicates a cardiac transplant patient is experiencing acute rejection? - ANS -increased LV
mass, decreased systolic fxn, and an increase in the echogenicity of the myocardium
while attempting to perform the parasternal short axis views of the aortic valve, the cardiologist
enters the room and requests a parasternal short axis view of the mitral valve. how do you
manipulate the transducer from your current position to provide the requested view? - ANS -tilt
slightly inferior/lateral
the murmur associated with HOCM and subaortic stenosis will increase in severity with - ANS
-the Valsalva maneuver. this is due to increased systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. MVP
can be exaggerated by performing the Valsalva maneuver
Holt Oram Syndrome is - ANS -an autosomal dominant syndrome causing skeletal and cardiac
defects.
ASD and VSD are commonly associated with this syndrome
which of the following echo findings is most consistent with Holt Oram syndrome? - ANS -atrial
septal defect
all 3 hepatic veins can easily be visualized in - ANS -a subcostal transverse view, angled
toward the patient's right shoulder
the best view to evaluate the left atrial appendage is: - ANS -A2C
how many pulmonary veins empty oxygenated blood into the LA - ANS -4
ankylosing spondylitis, Loeys-Dietz Syndrome, and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome are commonly
associated with what echo finding? - ANS -dilatation of the aortic root and/or ascending aorta
DeBakey Classification Type I: - ANS -dissection extends from proximal ascending aorta into
the descending portion
,DeBakey Classification Type II: - ANS -dissection located at the ascending aorta only
DeBakey Classification Type III: - ANS -dissection extends from the descending aorta into the
abdominal aorta
the intimal flap is identified in the most proximal portion of the ascending aorta in the PLAX and
PSAX views
increased pulmonary pressures with pulmonary HTN will - ANS -cause TR, but pulmonary HTN
is not caused by TR
the normal acceleration time for the flow through the pulmonary valve is greater than or equal
to___msec - ANS -120
which type of valvular regurg usually demonstrates the highest pressure gradient - ANS -mitral
regurg
which Doppler measurement of flow through a stenotic aortic valve best correlates with the
same value obtained during a heart catherization? - ANS -mean pressure gradient
where is the oblique sinus? - ANS -posterior to the LA
which of the following is a potential cause for underestimation of aortic stenosis when
calculating the AVA with the continuity equation? - ANS -suboptimal parasternal view causing
overestimation of the LVOT diameter
which orthogonal plane is most commonly used to obtain a planimetry measurement of the MV
area? - ANS -short axis
which pulmonary vein is able to be evaluated by PW Doppler in the most A4C view in most
patients? - ANS -right upper
which of the following will demonstrate a continuous murmur - ANS -patent ductus arteriosus or
ruptured sinus of Valsalva
which of the following is most likely to cause holodiastolic flow reversal in the descending
thoracic aorta? - ANS -ruptured sinus of Valsalva
the echocardiogram demonstrates akinesis of the LV apex. which coronary artery is most likely
affected by coronary artery disease? - ANS -left anterior descending artery
the pattern of wall hypertrophy in hypertensive heart disease is ___, and in hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy the pattern is usually ___. - ANS -symmetric, asymmetric
, what type of magnification provides the highest frame rate and best image resolution? - ANS
-preprocessing
___ can cause ___ closure of the mitral valve. - ANS -increased left ventricular diastolic
pressures, early
if there is a weak signal and significant fluctuation in the vertical position of the EKG tracing
across the screen: - ANS -the skin contact with the electrodes is poor
systole is defined as: - ANS -from mitral valve closure to aortic valve closure
when recording the flow velocity in the LVOT, the: - ANS -PW Doppler cursor should be placed
just proximal to the aortic valve closure plane
which of the following correctly describes the echo findings in a patient with Takotsubo
cardiomyopathy? - ANS -expansion of the LV apex with basal hyperkinesis
a patient is referred for an echo for pre-surgical clearance for a hip replacement. the only
pertinent cardiac history is a 6 year history of systemic HTN. what will be the most likely findings
on the exam? - ANS -interventricular septum and inferior wall>1.1 cm thickness
which of the following correctly describes vena contracta measurement? - ANS -measure the
width of the regurgitant jet perpendicular to the direction of flow
atrial depolarization is represented by what part of the EKG tracing? - ANS -P wave
a thin layer of ___ muscle provides support for the atrial walls - ANS -pectinate
an increase in preload will cause the heart to: - ANS -increase contractility
Doppler evaluation of the aortic valve demonstrates ___ with atrial fibrillation. - ANS -beat to
beat variation in aortic velocity
which of the following echocardiographic findings is least likely to be associated with
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome - ANS -peripheral pulmonary stenosis
a normal LV response to exercise is: - ANS -reduced end systolic volume
which of the following is a responsibility of the Sonographer assisting with a pericardiocentesis?
- ANS -instruct the patient breathing techniques necessary during the procedure
a patient is undergoing a pharmacologic stress echo and the last dose of dobutamine has been
delivered with little increase in heart rate. which of the following would most likely be
administered to this patient to continue to try to increase the heart rate? - ANS -atropine
Which of the following can be used to assess the pulmonary artery systolic pressure? - ANS
-right atrial pressure and peak pressure gradient of tricuspid regurg
which of the following statements is true regarding the papillary muscles - ANS -the
posteromedial muscle is supplied by a single coronary artery and the anterolateral muscle
receives blood from 2 separate coronary arteries
a patient with conduction abnormalities, asymmetric LV hypertrophy, and hyperechoic
endocardial layer most likely suffers from: - ANS -Fabry Disease
Patients with Fabry Disease usually - ANS -develop LV hypertrophy that can be symmetric or
asymmetric.
the endocardial layer of the wall typically becomes hyperechoic, which helps differentiate Fabry
disease from other causes of LVH. conduction abnormalities are also common
which of the following describes how to differentiate a ruptured chordae attached to a flail
anterior mitral leaflet from a vegetation attached to the anterior mitral leaflet - ANS -mitral
vegetations normally form on the atrial side of the valve and the ruptured chordae related to a
flail leaflet will be identified on the ventricular side of the valve
which of the following is the typical treatment for advanced pericarditis - ANS -pericardiectomy
Which of the following should be omitted from the optimal parasternal long axis view of the LV?
- coronary sinus
- RVOT
- papillary muscle
- descending aorta - ANS -papillary muscle. if papillary muscle is demonstrated, the image is off
axis and the transducer should be angled and tilted to demonstrate the smooth posterior wall
symptoms of clubbed fingers and discolored nail beds are signs of - ANS -cyanosis
biventricular hypertrophy, pericardial effusion and mitral and tricuspid regurg are common
findings in patients with: - ANS -amyloidosis
amyloidosis will cause - ANS -hypertrophy of myocardium of the left AND right ventricular walls.
the ventricular compliance is reduced resulting in MR and TR. a pericardial effusion is also an
associated finding. chronic system hypertension would cause LV hypertrophy. dilated
cardiomyopathy demonstrates thinned ventricular walls. Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a connective
tissue disorder that affects the arterial walls (aorta)
,what is the 1st parameter to consider when assessing a patient for diastolic dysfunction - ANS
-left ventricular ejection fraction
renal cell carcinoma most commonly metastasizes to the heart through the ____ - ANS -IVC
ebstein anomaly is usually associated with - ANS -a secundum ASD and Wolff-Parkinson-White
syndrome
2D evaluation demonstrates a dilated LV with an EF of 8-% and a 3.8cm LA. what will the color
Doppler evaluation demonstrate to explain these findings - ANS -isolated moderate aortic
regurg
what indicates a cardiac transplant patient is experiencing acute rejection? - ANS -increased LV
mass, decreased systolic fxn, and an increase in the echogenicity of the myocardium
while attempting to perform the parasternal short axis views of the aortic valve, the cardiologist
enters the room and requests a parasternal short axis view of the mitral valve. how do you
manipulate the transducer from your current position to provide the requested view? - ANS -tilt
slightly inferior/lateral
the murmur associated with HOCM and subaortic stenosis will increase in severity with - ANS
-the Valsalva maneuver. this is due to increased systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. MVP
can be exaggerated by performing the Valsalva maneuver
Holt Oram Syndrome is - ANS -an autosomal dominant syndrome causing skeletal and cardiac
defects.
ASD and VSD are commonly associated with this syndrome
which of the following echo findings is most consistent with Holt Oram syndrome? - ANS -atrial
septal defect
all 3 hepatic veins can easily be visualized in - ANS -a subcostal transverse view, angled
toward the patient's right shoulder
the best view to evaluate the left atrial appendage is: - ANS -A2C
how many pulmonary veins empty oxygenated blood into the LA - ANS -4
ankylosing spondylitis, Loeys-Dietz Syndrome, and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome are commonly
associated with what echo finding? - ANS -dilatation of the aortic root and/or ascending aorta
DeBakey Classification Type I: - ANS -dissection extends from proximal ascending aorta into
the descending portion
,DeBakey Classification Type II: - ANS -dissection located at the ascending aorta only
DeBakey Classification Type III: - ANS -dissection extends from the descending aorta into the
abdominal aorta
the intimal flap is identified in the most proximal portion of the ascending aorta in the PLAX and
PSAX views
increased pulmonary pressures with pulmonary HTN will - ANS -cause TR, but pulmonary HTN
is not caused by TR
the normal acceleration time for the flow through the pulmonary valve is greater than or equal
to___msec - ANS -120
which type of valvular regurg usually demonstrates the highest pressure gradient - ANS -mitral
regurg
which Doppler measurement of flow through a stenotic aortic valve best correlates with the
same value obtained during a heart catherization? - ANS -mean pressure gradient
where is the oblique sinus? - ANS -posterior to the LA
which of the following is a potential cause for underestimation of aortic stenosis when
calculating the AVA with the continuity equation? - ANS -suboptimal parasternal view causing
overestimation of the LVOT diameter
which orthogonal plane is most commonly used to obtain a planimetry measurement of the MV
area? - ANS -short axis
which pulmonary vein is able to be evaluated by PW Doppler in the most A4C view in most
patients? - ANS -right upper
which of the following will demonstrate a continuous murmur - ANS -patent ductus arteriosus or
ruptured sinus of Valsalva
which of the following is most likely to cause holodiastolic flow reversal in the descending
thoracic aorta? - ANS -ruptured sinus of Valsalva
the echocardiogram demonstrates akinesis of the LV apex. which coronary artery is most likely
affected by coronary artery disease? - ANS -left anterior descending artery
the pattern of wall hypertrophy in hypertensive heart disease is ___, and in hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy the pattern is usually ___. - ANS -symmetric, asymmetric
, what type of magnification provides the highest frame rate and best image resolution? - ANS
-preprocessing
___ can cause ___ closure of the mitral valve. - ANS -increased left ventricular diastolic
pressures, early
if there is a weak signal and significant fluctuation in the vertical position of the EKG tracing
across the screen: - ANS -the skin contact with the electrodes is poor
systole is defined as: - ANS -from mitral valve closure to aortic valve closure
when recording the flow velocity in the LVOT, the: - ANS -PW Doppler cursor should be placed
just proximal to the aortic valve closure plane
which of the following correctly describes the echo findings in a patient with Takotsubo
cardiomyopathy? - ANS -expansion of the LV apex with basal hyperkinesis
a patient is referred for an echo for pre-surgical clearance for a hip replacement. the only
pertinent cardiac history is a 6 year history of systemic HTN. what will be the most likely findings
on the exam? - ANS -interventricular septum and inferior wall>1.1 cm thickness
which of the following correctly describes vena contracta measurement? - ANS -measure the
width of the regurgitant jet perpendicular to the direction of flow
atrial depolarization is represented by what part of the EKG tracing? - ANS -P wave
a thin layer of ___ muscle provides support for the atrial walls - ANS -pectinate
an increase in preload will cause the heart to: - ANS -increase contractility
Doppler evaluation of the aortic valve demonstrates ___ with atrial fibrillation. - ANS -beat to
beat variation in aortic velocity
which of the following echocardiographic findings is least likely to be associated with
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome - ANS -peripheral pulmonary stenosis
a normal LV response to exercise is: - ANS -reduced end systolic volume
which of the following is a responsibility of the Sonographer assisting with a pericardiocentesis?
- ANS -instruct the patient breathing techniques necessary during the procedure
a patient is undergoing a pharmacologic stress echo and the last dose of dobutamine has been
delivered with little increase in heart rate. which of the following would most likely be
administered to this patient to continue to try to increase the heart rate? - ANS -atropine
