!@(*(*#!*#!(*&#!)(&@(*^#*!)((*^$@(#@)*(&$@)(#@)_@(@$)_(@)_(#@)_(#@)_#@)_@)_#@(+#@@
+#@_)+#@-
TEST BANK: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
Authors: Huether, McCance & Brashers
Chapters: All Chapters – Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It has supercoiled DNA with histones. Which
of the following would also be observed?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
Answer: B
Explanation:
The cell is eukaryotic, so it contains histones and supercoiled DNA within a nucleus.
Single circular chromosomes and free-floating nuclear material are characteristics of
prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles; “no organelles” describes a
prokaryotic cell.
2. A nurse instructs staff about cellular functions. Which function is described when a cell absorbs
oxygen and uses it to convert nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
Answer: D
Explanation:
Respiration refers to the cell using oxygen to transform nutrients into energy.
Metabolic absorption is the uptake of nutrients.
Communication is interaction with other cells.
Secretion is synthesizing and releasing substances.
3. During DNA replication in a eukaryotic cell, where is most of the genetic information
contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
,!@(*(*#!*#!(*&#!)(&@(*^#*!)((*^$@(#@)*(&$@)(#@)_@(@$)_(@)_(#@)_(#@)_#@)_@)_#@(+#@@
+#@_)+#@-
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus
Answer: C
Explanation:
The nucleolus contains genetic material including RNA, most DNA, and DNA-binding proteins.
Mitochondria: site of cellular respiration
Ribosomes: protein synthesis
Nucleus: contains the nucleolus
4. According to the fluid mosaic model, which components float in the lipid bilayer?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
Answer: B
Explanation:
Integral proteins float freely in the lipid bilayer.
Peripheral proteins are on the surface.
Glycoproteins are cell markers; cell adhesion molecules link cells.
5. Which can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Ligands
Answer: D
Explanation:
Ligands are specific molecules that bind to receptors. Oxygen diffuses, ribosomes produce
proteins, and amphipathic lipids are structural.
6. A nurse reviews a report for a patient with metastatic cancer. Which extracellular matrix change
supports metastasis?
a. Decreased fibronectin
b. Increased collagen
c. Decreased elastin
d. Increased glycoproteins
Answer: A
Explanation:
Reduced fibronectin allows cancer cells to metastasize. Collagen and elastin alterations relate to
other conditions.
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+#@_)+#@-
7. Which form of cell communication involves direct physical contact?
a. Cell junction
b. Gap junction
c. Desmosomes
d. Tight junctions
Answer: A
Explanation:
Cell junctions allow molecule passage between contacting cells.
Gap junctions: communication between cell interiors
Desmosomes: adhesion
Tight junctions: barriers
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, inhibiting glucagon from alpha cells. This is an example of:
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
Answer: A
Explanation:
Paracrine signaling affects neighboring cells. Autocrine acts on the same cell. Neurohormonal and
hormonal involve bloodstream transport.
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has high affinity for a:
a. Solute
b. Substrate
c. Receptor
d. Ribosome
Answer: B
Explanation:
Enzymes specifically bind substrates, converting them into products.
10. An athlete experiences muscle fatigue after a marathon. Which deficiency causes impaired
contraction?
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
Answer: C
Explanation:
ATP is required for muscle contraction. Other nucleotides do not play a direct role in contraction.
+#@_)+#@-
TEST BANK: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
Authors: Huether, McCance & Brashers
Chapters: All Chapters – Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It has supercoiled DNA with histones. Which
of the following would also be observed?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
Answer: B
Explanation:
The cell is eukaryotic, so it contains histones and supercoiled DNA within a nucleus.
Single circular chromosomes and free-floating nuclear material are characteristics of
prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles; “no organelles” describes a
prokaryotic cell.
2. A nurse instructs staff about cellular functions. Which function is described when a cell absorbs
oxygen and uses it to convert nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
Answer: D
Explanation:
Respiration refers to the cell using oxygen to transform nutrients into energy.
Metabolic absorption is the uptake of nutrients.
Communication is interaction with other cells.
Secretion is synthesizing and releasing substances.
3. During DNA replication in a eukaryotic cell, where is most of the genetic information
contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
,!@(*(*#!*#!(*&#!)(&@(*^#*!)((*^$@(#@)*(&$@)(#@)_@(@$)_(@)_(#@)_(#@)_#@)_@)_#@(+#@@
+#@_)+#@-
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus
Answer: C
Explanation:
The nucleolus contains genetic material including RNA, most DNA, and DNA-binding proteins.
Mitochondria: site of cellular respiration
Ribosomes: protein synthesis
Nucleus: contains the nucleolus
4. According to the fluid mosaic model, which components float in the lipid bilayer?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
Answer: B
Explanation:
Integral proteins float freely in the lipid bilayer.
Peripheral proteins are on the surface.
Glycoproteins are cell markers; cell adhesion molecules link cells.
5. Which can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Ligands
Answer: D
Explanation:
Ligands are specific molecules that bind to receptors. Oxygen diffuses, ribosomes produce
proteins, and amphipathic lipids are structural.
6. A nurse reviews a report for a patient with metastatic cancer. Which extracellular matrix change
supports metastasis?
a. Decreased fibronectin
b. Increased collagen
c. Decreased elastin
d. Increased glycoproteins
Answer: A
Explanation:
Reduced fibronectin allows cancer cells to metastasize. Collagen and elastin alterations relate to
other conditions.
, !@(*(*#!*#!(*&#!)(&@(*^#*!)((*^$@(#@)*(&$@)(#@)_@(@$)_(@)_(#@)_(#@)_#@)_@)_#@(+#@@
+#@_)+#@-
7. Which form of cell communication involves direct physical contact?
a. Cell junction
b. Gap junction
c. Desmosomes
d. Tight junctions
Answer: A
Explanation:
Cell junctions allow molecule passage between contacting cells.
Gap junctions: communication between cell interiors
Desmosomes: adhesion
Tight junctions: barriers
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, inhibiting glucagon from alpha cells. This is an example of:
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
Answer: A
Explanation:
Paracrine signaling affects neighboring cells. Autocrine acts on the same cell. Neurohormonal and
hormonal involve bloodstream transport.
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has high affinity for a:
a. Solute
b. Substrate
c. Receptor
d. Ribosome
Answer: B
Explanation:
Enzymes specifically bind substrates, converting them into products.
10. An athlete experiences muscle fatigue after a marathon. Which deficiency causes impaired
contraction?
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
Answer: C
Explanation:
ATP is required for muscle contraction. Other nucleotides do not play a direct role in contraction.
