CEN Exam-Prep with Complete and Verified Solutions | Latest 2025/2026 Update.

CEN Exam-Prep with Complete and Verified
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Solutions | Latest 2025/2026 Update. i,- i,- i,- i,-




Electrolyte imbalance characterized by:
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-respiratory depression i,-




-bradycardia
-hypotension
-decreased DTRs i,- i,-i,- i,- Hypermagnesemia


Electrolyte imbalance seen in renal failure and laxative abuse
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hypermagnesemia (>2.5) i,-




This electrolyte imbalance is characterized by fatigue, diarrhea
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and *runs risk of seizures*
i,- i,- Hyponatremia i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-




Treatment/Nursing Considerations for Hyponatremia i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-



Hypertonic saline (>0.9% NS) i,- i,- i,-




Water Restriction
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T/F: i,-

,Hypovolemic Hyponatremia is seen in fluid overload, SIADH, i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



excessive water ingestion True i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-




How do you treat Hypernatremia?
i,- i,- -Treat cause and correct
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slowly with D5W or 0.45 NS to prevent cerebral edema
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-Sodium Restriction i,-




-Vasopressin for D.I. i,- i,-




T/F:


Hypervolemic Hypernatremia is seen in DKA, HHS and DI i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- True


How do you treat hypomagnesemia?
i,- i,- mg sulfate - 1-2g IV
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rapid if emergent, over 2 hours if nonemergent
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monitor of s/s of hypermagnesemia
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electrolyte imbalance seen in acute and chronic alcoholism,
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malnutrition, malabsorption, HCTZ and loop diuretics i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-



Hypomagnesemia

,Reversal agent for opioids i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Narcan (Naloxone) i,-




Why is Flumazenil contraindicated in chronic Benzodiazepine
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use? Risk for seizures
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Reversal agent for ACUTE Benzodiazepine toxicity
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(Romazicon)


Overdose S/S - Resp. depression, HTN, bradycardia and
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hypothermia


"-pam" drug class i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Sedative/Benzos


Endocrine Disorder i,-




-Treated by hypertonic saline OR
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-IV NS and Lasix
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Water restrictioni,- i,-i,- i,- SIADH


Endocrine Disorder i,-

, High levels of ADH
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S/S- Dec. UO, water intoxication, cerebral edema
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*Risk of seizures due to dilutional hyponatremia
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Endocrine Disorder i,-




Treated with/by: i,-




-aqueous vasopressin (IV or SQ) i,- i,- i,- i,-




-lysin vasopressin spray
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-DDAVP (desmopressin) i,-




-fluid replacement, monitor for cerebral edema
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- D.I.


Endocrine Disorder i,-




DX by hypernatremia and increased serum osmolality despite
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polyuria, low urine specific gravity and urine osmolality
i,- D.I.
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Endocrine Disorder i,-