Pathophysiology Exam 4 - UTA (Urban)
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - CORRECT ANSWER - secreted to fix low fluid volume.
Tells the kidneys to hang on to water. Fluids conserved and fluid volume goes up. Used in
conjunction with the RAAS.
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) - CORRECT ANSWER - produce release or store
the 3 thyroid hormones.
thyroxine (T4) and triodothyronine (T3),
calcitonin - increase calcium movement from blood to bone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)— - CORRECT ANSWER -
ADH Undersecretion - CORRECT ANSWER - DIABETES INSIPUDUS - too much fluid
being lost. you won't "hold onto" water effectively --water will indiscriminately flow from the
peritubular capillaries of the kidneys into the tubules and becomes very dilute urine.
Diabetes Insipidus - CORRECT ANSWER - Pass too much "flavorless" Urine (very
dilute)
think of the D as down or decreased ADH, Dieresis, body is Dry.
Renal-Related under-secretion of ADH - CORRECT ANSWER - Sick kidneys have a
decreased response to ADH.
CNS related Under-secretion of ADH - CORRECT ANSWER - Pituitary Tumor
Head Injury
Cerebral Edema & IICP (increased inter cranial pressure)
,Polyuria - CORRECT ANSWER - Voiding huge amounts of dilute urine.
S&S of ADH undersecertion - CORRECT ANSWER - void huge amounts of dilute water
Pulyuria - thirsty- blood compartment has less water - concentration increases
Think fluid volume deficit = low preload - from tissue to blood domino effect
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Oversecretion of ADH
What can trigger SIADH? - CORRECT ANSWER - Ectopic - small-cell bronchogenic
cancer
Various Drugs - anesthetics - post-op
Trauma to brain - tumor or injury - pressure that causes pituitary to over-secrete
Oliguria - CORRECT ANSWER - body holding on to water int he vascular space
Person has a low GFR, goes from normal 30ml/hr to 15ml/hr.
A person who is edemitous and has high preload - CORRECT ANSWER - SIADH - too
much fluid retained, fluid shifted to the tissues.
Poor skin turgor, sunken eyes, dry mucous membranes - CORRECT ANSWER - ADH
Iodide - CORRECT ANSWER - T3 & T4 hormones depend on this for uptake from the
blood
T3 & T4 act - CORRECT ANSWER - metabolic rate
caloric requirements
oxygen consumption
carbohydrate & lipid metabolism
, growth & development
brain & nervous system functions
Understand the Negative Feedback of Thyroid function - CORRECT ANSWER - drop in
levels of thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) in the bloodstream causes pituitary stimulated which
increases its secretion of TSH thyroid stimulated to release more T3 & T4. once balance is
restored there is a suppress of TSH secretion from pituitary.
Hyperthyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER - is the state of having excess T3 & T4
production and release
Graves Disease - CORRECT ANSWER - an autoimmune disorder in which autoantibodies
attack/stimulate TSH receptors on the thyroid.
the autoantibodies "mimick" TSH - results in thyroid secreting more T3 & T4.
Graves Disease S&S - CORRECT ANSWER - In overdrive. Hypermetabolic
Hyperthyroidism S&S - CORRECT ANSWER - PSYCH/CNS—nervous, irritable,
tremors, insomnia, emotionally labile, sometimes psychosis (hallucinations, paranoia)
CARDIOVASCULAR—tachycardia, increased afterload, sometimes HF due to increased heart
workload
GI—increased appetite, diarrhea
HAIR CHANGES
hair follicles are very sensitive to your metabolic state & get "stressed" by too much thyroid
hormone—hair thins out or falls out (alopecia).
Exophthalmus - CORRECT ANSWER - bulging eyes from deposits of excess tissue
behind eyes
Goiter - CORRECT ANSWER - Enlargement of the thyroid gland . Can be in both Hyper
and Hypo.
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - CORRECT ANSWER - secreted to fix low fluid volume.
Tells the kidneys to hang on to water. Fluids conserved and fluid volume goes up. Used in
conjunction with the RAAS.
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) - CORRECT ANSWER - produce release or store
the 3 thyroid hormones.
thyroxine (T4) and triodothyronine (T3),
calcitonin - increase calcium movement from blood to bone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)— - CORRECT ANSWER -
ADH Undersecretion - CORRECT ANSWER - DIABETES INSIPUDUS - too much fluid
being lost. you won't "hold onto" water effectively --water will indiscriminately flow from the
peritubular capillaries of the kidneys into the tubules and becomes very dilute urine.
Diabetes Insipidus - CORRECT ANSWER - Pass too much "flavorless" Urine (very
dilute)
think of the D as down or decreased ADH, Dieresis, body is Dry.
Renal-Related under-secretion of ADH - CORRECT ANSWER - Sick kidneys have a
decreased response to ADH.
CNS related Under-secretion of ADH - CORRECT ANSWER - Pituitary Tumor
Head Injury
Cerebral Edema & IICP (increased inter cranial pressure)
,Polyuria - CORRECT ANSWER - Voiding huge amounts of dilute urine.
S&S of ADH undersecertion - CORRECT ANSWER - void huge amounts of dilute water
Pulyuria - thirsty- blood compartment has less water - concentration increases
Think fluid volume deficit = low preload - from tissue to blood domino effect
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Oversecretion of ADH
What can trigger SIADH? - CORRECT ANSWER - Ectopic - small-cell bronchogenic
cancer
Various Drugs - anesthetics - post-op
Trauma to brain - tumor or injury - pressure that causes pituitary to over-secrete
Oliguria - CORRECT ANSWER - body holding on to water int he vascular space
Person has a low GFR, goes from normal 30ml/hr to 15ml/hr.
A person who is edemitous and has high preload - CORRECT ANSWER - SIADH - too
much fluid retained, fluid shifted to the tissues.
Poor skin turgor, sunken eyes, dry mucous membranes - CORRECT ANSWER - ADH
Iodide - CORRECT ANSWER - T3 & T4 hormones depend on this for uptake from the
blood
T3 & T4 act - CORRECT ANSWER - metabolic rate
caloric requirements
oxygen consumption
carbohydrate & lipid metabolism
, growth & development
brain & nervous system functions
Understand the Negative Feedback of Thyroid function - CORRECT ANSWER - drop in
levels of thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) in the bloodstream causes pituitary stimulated which
increases its secretion of TSH thyroid stimulated to release more T3 & T4. once balance is
restored there is a suppress of TSH secretion from pituitary.
Hyperthyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER - is the state of having excess T3 & T4
production and release
Graves Disease - CORRECT ANSWER - an autoimmune disorder in which autoantibodies
attack/stimulate TSH receptors on the thyroid.
the autoantibodies "mimick" TSH - results in thyroid secreting more T3 & T4.
Graves Disease S&S - CORRECT ANSWER - In overdrive. Hypermetabolic
Hyperthyroidism S&S - CORRECT ANSWER - PSYCH/CNS—nervous, irritable,
tremors, insomnia, emotionally labile, sometimes psychosis (hallucinations, paranoia)
CARDIOVASCULAR—tachycardia, increased afterload, sometimes HF due to increased heart
workload
GI—increased appetite, diarrhea
HAIR CHANGES
hair follicles are very sensitive to your metabolic state & get "stressed" by too much thyroid
hormone—hair thins out or falls out (alopecia).
Exophthalmus - CORRECT ANSWER - bulging eyes from deposits of excess tissue
behind eyes
Goiter - CORRECT ANSWER - Enlargement of the thyroid gland . Can be in both Hyper
and Hypo.
