UTA - Biology 1441 - Exam One UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
alpha-helix structure (α-helix) - CORRECT ANSWER - type of secondary protein
structure formed by folding the polypeptide into a helix shape with hydrogen bonds stabilizing
the structure
amino acid - CORRECT ANSWER - a protein's monomer; has a central carbon or alpha
carbon to which an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and an R group or side chain is
attached; the R group is different for all 20 common amino acids
beta-pleated sheet (β-pleated) - CORRECT ANSWER - secondary structure in proteins in
which hydrogen bonding forms "pleats" between atoms on the polypeptide chain's backbone
biological macromolecule - CORRECT ANSWER - large molecule necessary for life that
is built from smaller organic molecules
Carbohydrate - CORRECT ANSWER - biological macromolecule in which the ratio of
carbon to hydrogen and to oxygen is 1:2:1; carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural
support in cells and form arthropods' cellular exoskeleton
Cellulose - CORRECT ANSWER - polysaccharide that comprises the plants' cell wall;
provides structural support to the cell
Chaperone - CORRECT ANSWER - (also, chaperonin) protein that helps nascent protein
in the folding process
Chitin - CORRECT ANSWER - type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of all
arthropods that include crustaceans and insects; it also forms fungi cell wallsdehydration
synthesis (also, condensation) reaction that links monomer molecules, releasing a water molecule
for each bond formed
, Denaturation - CORRECT ANSWER - loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in
temperature, pH, or chemical exposure
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - CORRECT ANSWER - double-helical molecule that
carries the cell's hereditary information
Disaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER - two sugar monomers that a glycosidic bond links
Enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a
complex or conjugated protein
Glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER - storage carbohydrate in animals
glycosidic bond - CORRECT ANSWER - bond formed by a dehydration reaction between
two monosaccharides with eliminating a water molecule
Hormone - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical signaling molecule, usually protein or
steroid, secreted by endocrine cells that act to control or regulate specific physiological processes
Hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER - reaction that causes breakdown of larger molecules
into smaller molecules by utilizing water
Lipid - CORRECT ANSWER - macromolecule that is nonpolar and insoluble in water
messenger RNA (mRNA) - CORRECT ANSWER - RNA that carries information from
DNA to ribosomes during protein synthesis
Monomer - CORRECT ANSWER - smallest unit of larger molecules that are polymers
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
alpha-helix structure (α-helix) - CORRECT ANSWER - type of secondary protein
structure formed by folding the polypeptide into a helix shape with hydrogen bonds stabilizing
the structure
amino acid - CORRECT ANSWER - a protein's monomer; has a central carbon or alpha
carbon to which an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and an R group or side chain is
attached; the R group is different for all 20 common amino acids
beta-pleated sheet (β-pleated) - CORRECT ANSWER - secondary structure in proteins in
which hydrogen bonding forms "pleats" between atoms on the polypeptide chain's backbone
biological macromolecule - CORRECT ANSWER - large molecule necessary for life that
is built from smaller organic molecules
Carbohydrate - CORRECT ANSWER - biological macromolecule in which the ratio of
carbon to hydrogen and to oxygen is 1:2:1; carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural
support in cells and form arthropods' cellular exoskeleton
Cellulose - CORRECT ANSWER - polysaccharide that comprises the plants' cell wall;
provides structural support to the cell
Chaperone - CORRECT ANSWER - (also, chaperonin) protein that helps nascent protein
in the folding process
Chitin - CORRECT ANSWER - type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of all
arthropods that include crustaceans and insects; it also forms fungi cell wallsdehydration
synthesis (also, condensation) reaction that links monomer molecules, releasing a water molecule
for each bond formed
, Denaturation - CORRECT ANSWER - loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in
temperature, pH, or chemical exposure
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - CORRECT ANSWER - double-helical molecule that
carries the cell's hereditary information
Disaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER - two sugar monomers that a glycosidic bond links
Enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a
complex or conjugated protein
Glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER - storage carbohydrate in animals
glycosidic bond - CORRECT ANSWER - bond formed by a dehydration reaction between
two monosaccharides with eliminating a water molecule
Hormone - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical signaling molecule, usually protein or
steroid, secreted by endocrine cells that act to control or regulate specific physiological processes
Hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER - reaction that causes breakdown of larger molecules
into smaller molecules by utilizing water
Lipid - CORRECT ANSWER - macromolecule that is nonpolar and insoluble in water
messenger RNA (mRNA) - CORRECT ANSWER - RNA that carries information from
DNA to ribosomes during protein synthesis
Monomer - CORRECT ANSWER - smallest unit of larger molecules that are polymers
