UTA Exam 3 A&P 1 – Frederick UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
(Ch 10)
Wave Summation - CORRECT ANSWER - Increasing Tension or summation of twitches -
repeated simulations before the end of relaxation phase
Incomplete Tetanus - CORRECT ANSWER - if stimulation continues, muscle never
relaxes completely, twitches reach maximum tension
Complete Tetanus - CORRECT ANSWER - if stimulation frequency is high enough the
muscle never begins o relax- in continuos contraction
Motor Unit - CORRECT ANSWER - all the muscle fibers controlled by a single motor
neuron
Recruitment(multiple motor unit summation) - CORRECT ANSWER - smooth, steady
increase in muscle tension produced by increasing active number of motor units
Isotonic Contraction - CORRECT ANSWER - skeletal muscle changes length, resulting in
motion
Epimysium - CORRECT ANSWER - exterior collagen layer, connected to deep fascia,
separates muscle from surrounding tissues
Plasticity - CORRECT ANSWER - the ability of smooth muscle to function over a wide
range of lengths
,Twitch - CORRECT ANSWER - a single neural stimulation produces a single contraction
Fast Fiber Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - large diameter, large glycogen
reserves and few mitochondria
Which fibers are most resistant to fatigue? - CORRECT ANSWER - Slow
In the Cori Cycle what does the liver produce glucose from? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Lactic Acid to pyruvic acid to glucose to glycogen
What is the function of creatine phosphate? - CORRECT ANSWER - storage molecule for
excess ATP energy in resting muscle
Contraction Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.Exposure of active sites
2.Formation of Cross-Bridges
3. Pivoting of myosin heads
4. Detachment of Cross-Bridges
5. Reactivation of myosin
Excitation-Contraction Coupling - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Release of CA2+ from
sarcoplasmic reticulum
2. CA2+ trigger interactions between thick and thin filaments
3. Muscle fibers contract, consume ATP
4. Produces active tension
What is a triad composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER - Formed by 1 T tubule & 2 terminal
cisternae
, Neuromuscular Junction - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Neural stimulation of muscle
2. Release of acetylcholine
3. ACh binding at the motor end plate
4. Appearance of an action potential in the sarcolemma
5. Return to initial state
Advantage to having many nuclei in one muscle cell? - CORRECT ANSWER - The ability
to produce large amounts of the enzyme and structural protein needed for contraction
What triggers action potential in the muscle cell? - CORRECT ANSWER - an increase in
Na+ in sarcolemma travels along the T-tubules, leads to excitation-contraction coupling
What is the function of acetylcholine? - CORRECT ANSWER - it is a neurotransmitter
that is often associated with the activation of muscles but is also involved in the cholinergic
system which often results in inhibitory actions
Where do these molecules attach? - CORRECT ANSWER - sarcoplasm reticulum-
receptors are found on the surface of muscle cells, concentrated in the synapse between nerve
cells and muscle cells
What would happen if the receptors for acetylcholine were blocked? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the neurotransmitter is not able to act on the receptor. Most if the time the
neurotransmitter will then be taken back up by the neuron that released it, in a process known as
reuptake.
Where are the receptors for acetylcholine located? - CORRECT ANSWER - on the surface
of the sarcolemma at the motor end plate
What is the consequence if there is no acetylcholinesterase? - CORRECT ANSWER - The
muscle will move uncontrollably
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
(Ch 10)
Wave Summation - CORRECT ANSWER - Increasing Tension or summation of twitches -
repeated simulations before the end of relaxation phase
Incomplete Tetanus - CORRECT ANSWER - if stimulation continues, muscle never
relaxes completely, twitches reach maximum tension
Complete Tetanus - CORRECT ANSWER - if stimulation frequency is high enough the
muscle never begins o relax- in continuos contraction
Motor Unit - CORRECT ANSWER - all the muscle fibers controlled by a single motor
neuron
Recruitment(multiple motor unit summation) - CORRECT ANSWER - smooth, steady
increase in muscle tension produced by increasing active number of motor units
Isotonic Contraction - CORRECT ANSWER - skeletal muscle changes length, resulting in
motion
Epimysium - CORRECT ANSWER - exterior collagen layer, connected to deep fascia,
separates muscle from surrounding tissues
Plasticity - CORRECT ANSWER - the ability of smooth muscle to function over a wide
range of lengths
,Twitch - CORRECT ANSWER - a single neural stimulation produces a single contraction
Fast Fiber Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - large diameter, large glycogen
reserves and few mitochondria
Which fibers are most resistant to fatigue? - CORRECT ANSWER - Slow
In the Cori Cycle what does the liver produce glucose from? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Lactic Acid to pyruvic acid to glucose to glycogen
What is the function of creatine phosphate? - CORRECT ANSWER - storage molecule for
excess ATP energy in resting muscle
Contraction Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.Exposure of active sites
2.Formation of Cross-Bridges
3. Pivoting of myosin heads
4. Detachment of Cross-Bridges
5. Reactivation of myosin
Excitation-Contraction Coupling - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Release of CA2+ from
sarcoplasmic reticulum
2. CA2+ trigger interactions between thick and thin filaments
3. Muscle fibers contract, consume ATP
4. Produces active tension
What is a triad composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER - Formed by 1 T tubule & 2 terminal
cisternae
, Neuromuscular Junction - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Neural stimulation of muscle
2. Release of acetylcholine
3. ACh binding at the motor end plate
4. Appearance of an action potential in the sarcolemma
5. Return to initial state
Advantage to having many nuclei in one muscle cell? - CORRECT ANSWER - The ability
to produce large amounts of the enzyme and structural protein needed for contraction
What triggers action potential in the muscle cell? - CORRECT ANSWER - an increase in
Na+ in sarcolemma travels along the T-tubules, leads to excitation-contraction coupling
What is the function of acetylcholine? - CORRECT ANSWER - it is a neurotransmitter
that is often associated with the activation of muscles but is also involved in the cholinergic
system which often results in inhibitory actions
Where do these molecules attach? - CORRECT ANSWER - sarcoplasm reticulum-
receptors are found on the surface of muscle cells, concentrated in the synapse between nerve
cells and muscle cells
What would happen if the receptors for acetylcholine were blocked? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the neurotransmitter is not able to act on the receptor. Most if the time the
neurotransmitter will then be taken back up by the neuron that released it, in a process known as
reuptake.
Where are the receptors for acetylcholine located? - CORRECT ANSWER - on the surface
of the sarcolemma at the motor end plate
What is the consequence if there is no acetylcholinesterase? - CORRECT ANSWER - The
muscle will move uncontrollably
