ANTEPARTUM/POSTPARTUM EXAM
GUIDE WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the 3 vessels in the umbilical cord? - Answer-2 arteries
1 vein
AVA
Stages of development: *(3-8 weeks)- Embryonic Stage* 2/3&4 - Answer-Embryo grows
to 1-1.5 inches and weighs 0.25 oz
-2 to 3 weeks: beginning of blood circulation, liver begins to function, *neural tube
forms*
-4 weeks: anterior portion of neural tube closes to form brain, limb buds, *tubular heart
beats at 28 days (4 weeks)*
Estrogen - Answer-Ovaries (then secreted by placenta in the 11th week)
Increases Myometrial activity in the uterus and tubes
Increases Bleeding
Increase in Vascularity
Increase in Vasodilation
Causes the bluish discoloration of the cervix (Chadwick's sign)
Progesterone - Answer-"hormone of pregnancy"
Produced by the corpus luteum (until 11th week then produced by the placenta)
-decreases motility of myometrium (decrease uterine contractions)
-increases size and complexity of glands in breast (preparing the breasts for lactation,
doesn't initiate it)
-thickens cervical mucus
-slows down GI tract: in return constipation
Function: Preparation of the uterus to receive a fertilized egg
HCG (human chorionic gonodotropin) - Answer--maintained by the corpus luteum until
the placenta fully functions (week 11)
-What is checked in pregnancy test
pg. 225
*HPL (human placental lactogen)* - Answer-Enhances maternal metabolism
-keeps sugar in mom's blood stream to feed baby
-only in our body when we are pregnant
Type 1: takes more insulin when pregnant
,Explain the development of the placenta: - Answer--trophoblast secretes enzymes to
embed into endometrial lining, which differentiates into two layers:
amnion and chorion
-small intervillous spaces develop for the chorionic villi to project into
^these spaces are filled with vessels^
Function of the placenta: - Answer--metabolic exchange occurs between the chorionic
villi and the spiral arteries
*Helps with:*
fetal respiration, excretion, and nutrition
Simple diffusion and facilitated transport in the placenta: - Answer-moves substances
from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Active transport in the placenta: - Answer-Moves substances from lower to a high
concentration
Characteristics of the placenta: size? what are the two sides? - Answer-At term the
placenta is 6-8 inches in diameter and about 1 inch thick
*Two sides:*
1. Maternal ("dirty" duncan)
2. Fetal ("shiny" schultz): blueish
Characteristics of umbilical cord - Answer-Life-line between fetus and placenta
-2 arteries and 1 vein (AVA)
-Wharton's jelly: protects the cord from pressure
-Located centrally on placenta
-10-21 inches long, 1 inch thick
-No pain receptors on cord
3 vessels that make up the umbilical cord and function - Answer-*Umbilical vein:*
carries oxygen and nutrients to fetus
ex: ductus venosus
*2 Umbilical arteries:* carrys deoxygenated blood and waste from the fetus
ex: foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus
^^opposite of normal circulation until the cord is cut.
ductus VENosus - Answer-shunts umbilical blood to inferior VENa cava, bypassing
(away) from the liver/GI
foRamen ovaLe - Answer-*Shunts blood from right atria to left atria, bypassing the
ventricles and lungs * (pouring into the left ventricle and bypassing the lungs?)
, ductus ARTERiosus - Answer-Shunts blood from pulmonary ARTERy to the descending
aorta, bypassing the lungs
If shunts aren't able to close, what is the tx? - Answer-Prostaglandin Inhibitors
(ibuprofen)
Stages of development (5 & 6 weeks) - Answer-5 wks: brain and cranial nerves are
present
6 ks: *sex (six) glands appear*, chambers present in heart, skeletal shape forming
Fluid in the amniotic sac is derived from?, pH? - Answer--fetal urine
-fluid transported from maternal blood across membrane
made of 98% water, **alkaline** (alkaline pH test is used when women thinks her water
broke)
**Functions of amniotic fluid** - Answer--Protect from injury (padded, Bands disease)
-Allows movement
-Facilitates symmetrical growth and development (head to toe)
-Prevents adherence
-*Maintains* temperature (not regulate, if mom is cold baby is cold)
-Provides fluid for swallowing (400-500 mL/day)
Protect allie's face and maintain fluid
Hydraminios - Answer-too much fluid also called polyhydramnios
>2000 mL
Oligohydramnios - Answer-not enough fluid
<500
1st trimester checklist - Answer--Diagnosis and EDB
-Schedules and events of visits
-Exercise/rest
-Nutrition
-Danger signs **(cramping and bleeding)** caused by estrogen ex: miscarriage/ectopic
pregnancy
-Sexuality
-Self care counseling
D-SENDSS
Stages of development (7wks-8wks) - Answer-7 wks: heartbeat can be detected,
differentiation into male/female sex glands (but sex isn't clearly identifiable)
8 wks: digits formed, heart development complete, middle, inner, and outer ear formed.
GUIDE WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the 3 vessels in the umbilical cord? - Answer-2 arteries
1 vein
AVA
Stages of development: *(3-8 weeks)- Embryonic Stage* 2/3&4 - Answer-Embryo grows
to 1-1.5 inches and weighs 0.25 oz
-2 to 3 weeks: beginning of blood circulation, liver begins to function, *neural tube
forms*
-4 weeks: anterior portion of neural tube closes to form brain, limb buds, *tubular heart
beats at 28 days (4 weeks)*
Estrogen - Answer-Ovaries (then secreted by placenta in the 11th week)
Increases Myometrial activity in the uterus and tubes
Increases Bleeding
Increase in Vascularity
Increase in Vasodilation
Causes the bluish discoloration of the cervix (Chadwick's sign)
Progesterone - Answer-"hormone of pregnancy"
Produced by the corpus luteum (until 11th week then produced by the placenta)
-decreases motility of myometrium (decrease uterine contractions)
-increases size and complexity of glands in breast (preparing the breasts for lactation,
doesn't initiate it)
-thickens cervical mucus
-slows down GI tract: in return constipation
Function: Preparation of the uterus to receive a fertilized egg
HCG (human chorionic gonodotropin) - Answer--maintained by the corpus luteum until
the placenta fully functions (week 11)
-What is checked in pregnancy test
pg. 225
*HPL (human placental lactogen)* - Answer-Enhances maternal metabolism
-keeps sugar in mom's blood stream to feed baby
-only in our body when we are pregnant
Type 1: takes more insulin when pregnant
,Explain the development of the placenta: - Answer--trophoblast secretes enzymes to
embed into endometrial lining, which differentiates into two layers:
amnion and chorion
-small intervillous spaces develop for the chorionic villi to project into
^these spaces are filled with vessels^
Function of the placenta: - Answer--metabolic exchange occurs between the chorionic
villi and the spiral arteries
*Helps with:*
fetal respiration, excretion, and nutrition
Simple diffusion and facilitated transport in the placenta: - Answer-moves substances
from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Active transport in the placenta: - Answer-Moves substances from lower to a high
concentration
Characteristics of the placenta: size? what are the two sides? - Answer-At term the
placenta is 6-8 inches in diameter and about 1 inch thick
*Two sides:*
1. Maternal ("dirty" duncan)
2. Fetal ("shiny" schultz): blueish
Characteristics of umbilical cord - Answer-Life-line between fetus and placenta
-2 arteries and 1 vein (AVA)
-Wharton's jelly: protects the cord from pressure
-Located centrally on placenta
-10-21 inches long, 1 inch thick
-No pain receptors on cord
3 vessels that make up the umbilical cord and function - Answer-*Umbilical vein:*
carries oxygen and nutrients to fetus
ex: ductus venosus
*2 Umbilical arteries:* carrys deoxygenated blood and waste from the fetus
ex: foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus
^^opposite of normal circulation until the cord is cut.
ductus VENosus - Answer-shunts umbilical blood to inferior VENa cava, bypassing
(away) from the liver/GI
foRamen ovaLe - Answer-*Shunts blood from right atria to left atria, bypassing the
ventricles and lungs * (pouring into the left ventricle and bypassing the lungs?)
, ductus ARTERiosus - Answer-Shunts blood from pulmonary ARTERy to the descending
aorta, bypassing the lungs
If shunts aren't able to close, what is the tx? - Answer-Prostaglandin Inhibitors
(ibuprofen)
Stages of development (5 & 6 weeks) - Answer-5 wks: brain and cranial nerves are
present
6 ks: *sex (six) glands appear*, chambers present in heart, skeletal shape forming
Fluid in the amniotic sac is derived from?, pH? - Answer--fetal urine
-fluid transported from maternal blood across membrane
made of 98% water, **alkaline** (alkaline pH test is used when women thinks her water
broke)
**Functions of amniotic fluid** - Answer--Protect from injury (padded, Bands disease)
-Allows movement
-Facilitates symmetrical growth and development (head to toe)
-Prevents adherence
-*Maintains* temperature (not regulate, if mom is cold baby is cold)
-Provides fluid for swallowing (400-500 mL/day)
Protect allie's face and maintain fluid
Hydraminios - Answer-too much fluid also called polyhydramnios
>2000 mL
Oligohydramnios - Answer-not enough fluid
<500
1st trimester checklist - Answer--Diagnosis and EDB
-Schedules and events of visits
-Exercise/rest
-Nutrition
-Danger signs **(cramping and bleeding)** caused by estrogen ex: miscarriage/ectopic
pregnancy
-Sexuality
-Self care counseling
D-SENDSS
Stages of development (7wks-8wks) - Answer-7 wks: heartbeat can be detected,
differentiation into male/female sex glands (but sex isn't clearly identifiable)
8 wks: digits formed, heart development complete, middle, inner, and outer ear formed.
