Psychology UTA Exam 2 Study Guide 2025: Essential Questions and Answers

Psychology UTA Exam 2 Study Guide 2025: Essential Questions and Answers _____ is a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience. - Answer- Learning In the field of psychology, ________ is a theory of learning that focuses solely on observable actions, discounting the importance of mental activities such as thinking, wishing, and hoping. - Answer- Behaviorism Learning that occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior is known as - Answer- Observational learning Everyday when Ronnie comes home from work, he opens his garage door and pulls his car into the garage. His dog, Jonah, hears the noise of the garage door opening and the car entering the garage before Ronnie comes through the garage door. Now when Jonah hears the garage door open, Jonah runs to the garage door to greet Ronnie. This is an example of.... - Answer- Classical conditioning The name of the researchers who originally described classical conditioning was_____ _______. - Answer- Ivan Pavlov A stimulus that produces a response without prior learning - Answer- Unconditional Stimulus An _____________ response is an unlearned response that is automatically elected by a stimulus that produces a response without prior learning. - Answer- Unconditioned A ___________ stimulus involves a previously neutral stimulus that eventually elicits the conditioned response after being associated with the unconditioned stimulus. - Answer- Conditioned By ringing a bell whenever he gave food to his lab dogs, Pavlov eventually got the dogs to salivate to the sound of the bell is called the _____________ ____________. - Answer- Conditioned Response _________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly paired with the unconditioned stimulus, and it occurs without awareness or effort. - Answer- Acquisition The tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original CS to elicit a response similar to the CR. - Answer- Generalization Discrimination is the weakening of the conditioned response in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus. - Answer- FALSE The weakening of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent - Answer- Extinction __________ refers to the decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations. - Answer- Habituation A child learns to behave while in the grocery store with her parents, because when she behaves her parents buy her a treat - Answer- Operant Conditioning In order to get an animal to perform a complex behavior, we might reinforce successive approximations. - Answer- Shaping The two types of reinforcing consequences are ________ and ________ reinforcement. - Answer- postive and negative In positive reinforcement, the frequency of a behavior __________ because it is followed by a desirable stimulus. - Answer- increase In __________ _________, the organism has learned that it has no control over negative outcomes. - Answer- learned helplessness A child receives an hour of video game play, not because he cleaned his room everyday, but because he cleaned his room 5 days in a row. - Answer- Fixed Ratio A slot machine might payout an average of every 20 times spun, but the gambler doesnt know when the payout will be. - Answer- Variable Ratio You only study right before each of the 4 exams during the semester. - Answer- Fixed interval Pop quizzes help you study continuously because you don't know when they will be given in class. - Answer- Variable intervals _______ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur. - Answer- Punishment Applied behavior analysis is the use of ________ principles to change human behavior. - Answer- operant conditioning Which of the following are components of observational learning according to Bandura? - Answer- Attention, Reproduction, Retention