NURS 6320 Final Group 5 Ch 32 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis?
a. Release of the inflammatory cytokines
b. Macrophages adhere to vessel walls.
c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
d. Release of the platelet-deprived growth factor - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: C
Atherosclerosis begins with an injury to the endothelial cells that line the arterial walls. Possible
causes of endothelial injury include the common risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as
smoking, hypertension, diabetes, increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), decreased
levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and autoimmunity. The remaining options occur only
after the endothelial cells are injured
What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in atherosclerosis?
a. LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation.
b. LDLs cause regression of atherosclerotic plaques.
c. LDLs increase levels of inflammatory cytokines.
, d. LDLs direct macrophages to the site in the endothelium. - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS:
A
Oxidized LDLs are toxic to endothelial cells, cause smooth muscle proliferation, and activate
further immune and inflammatory responses. This selection is the only option that accurately
identifies the effects of LDLs.
Which inflammatory cytokines are released when endothelial cells are injured?
a. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
b. Interferon-beta (IFN-β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-
CSF)
c. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin 1 (IL-1)
d. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor
(M-CSF) - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: C
Numerous inflammatory cytokines are released, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, toxic oxygen
radicals, and heat shock proteins. This selection is the only option that accurately identifies
which inflammatory cytokines are associated with endothelial cell injury
When endothelia cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis?
a. The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).
b. Cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating cytokines.
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis?
a. Release of the inflammatory cytokines
b. Macrophages adhere to vessel walls.
c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
d. Release of the platelet-deprived growth factor - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: C
Atherosclerosis begins with an injury to the endothelial cells that line the arterial walls. Possible
causes of endothelial injury include the common risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as
smoking, hypertension, diabetes, increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), decreased
levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and autoimmunity. The remaining options occur only
after the endothelial cells are injured
What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in atherosclerosis?
a. LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation.
b. LDLs cause regression of atherosclerotic plaques.
c. LDLs increase levels of inflammatory cytokines.
, d. LDLs direct macrophages to the site in the endothelium. - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS:
A
Oxidized LDLs are toxic to endothelial cells, cause smooth muscle proliferation, and activate
further immune and inflammatory responses. This selection is the only option that accurately
identifies the effects of LDLs.
Which inflammatory cytokines are released when endothelial cells are injured?
a. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
b. Interferon-beta (IFN-β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-
CSF)
c. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin 1 (IL-1)
d. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor
(M-CSF) - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: C
Numerous inflammatory cytokines are released, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, toxic oxygen
radicals, and heat shock proteins. This selection is the only option that accurately identifies
which inflammatory cytokines are associated with endothelial cell injury
When endothelia cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis?
a. The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).
b. Cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating cytokines.
