Biology 1500 Exam 2 (Nathan Mills)
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
The basic structural and functional unit of life in living organisms - ✔✔Cells
Cell Theory - ✔✔1. Cells are the fundamental structural and functional unit of life
2. The activity of an organism depends on the individual and collective activity of cells.
3. The activity of a cell is dictated by sub-cellular structures.
4. The continuity of life has a cellular basis.
How many cells can be in an organism? - ✔✔Can vary from 1 to trillions depending on
size (humans have roughly 37 trillion cells)
Cells can be thought of as what? - ✔✔A manufacturing plant
What are the basic characteristics of all cells? - ✔✔1. Plasma membrane
2. Semifluid substance (cytosol)
3. Chromosomes
4. Ribosomes(make proteins)
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,What are the two types of cells and their basic differences? - ✔✔Prokaryotic cells-no
nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells-DNA in nucleus bounded by a membrane (much larger than
prokaryotic cells)
What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells? - ✔✔1. No nucleus(DNA in an
unbound region called the nucleoid)
2. No membrane bound organelles
3. Cytoplasm bound by plasma membrane
Examples of Prokaryotic cells - ✔✔Bacteria and Archaea
What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells? - ✔✔1. DNA in a nucleus that is
bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope
2. Membrane bound organelles
3. Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
4. Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than prokaryotic cells
Examples of eukaryotic cells - ✔✔Animal cells, Plant cells, fungi cells
Describe the Plasma Membrane's structure - ✔✔1. Phospholipid bilayer
2. Transport and receptor proteins
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, 3. Cholesterol (a steroid that stabilizes the tails of the phospholipid bilayer)
4. Glycolipids (lipids with attached carbohydrates)
Describe the function of the plasma membrane - ✔✔1. Separates intracellular fluids
from extracellular fluids
2. Control what enters and leaves the cell
3. Communication
Describe the structure of the cell wall (plants and fungi) - ✔✔1. Carbohydrate fibers in a
carbohydrate or protein matrix
2. Not a membrane
Describe the function of the cell wall - ✔✔Protection and structural support
Describe the structure of Cilia and Flagella? (mostly in animals) - ✔✔1. Extension of the
plasma membrane containing a complex of proteins (ex. microtubules) that support and
move the structure
2. Structural differences result in very different movement patterns between flagella
and cilia.
3. Generally only one or two flagella per cell, whereas there may be many cilia.
What is the function of Cilia and Flagella - ✔✔Move the cell through fluid (cilia and
flagella) or move fluid past the cell (cilia)
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Questions and Answers 100% Pass
The basic structural and functional unit of life in living organisms - ✔✔Cells
Cell Theory - ✔✔1. Cells are the fundamental structural and functional unit of life
2. The activity of an organism depends on the individual and collective activity of cells.
3. The activity of a cell is dictated by sub-cellular structures.
4. The continuity of life has a cellular basis.
How many cells can be in an organism? - ✔✔Can vary from 1 to trillions depending on
size (humans have roughly 37 trillion cells)
Cells can be thought of as what? - ✔✔A manufacturing plant
What are the basic characteristics of all cells? - ✔✔1. Plasma membrane
2. Semifluid substance (cytosol)
3. Chromosomes
4. Ribosomes(make proteins)
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,What are the two types of cells and their basic differences? - ✔✔Prokaryotic cells-no
nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells-DNA in nucleus bounded by a membrane (much larger than
prokaryotic cells)
What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells? - ✔✔1. No nucleus(DNA in an
unbound region called the nucleoid)
2. No membrane bound organelles
3. Cytoplasm bound by plasma membrane
Examples of Prokaryotic cells - ✔✔Bacteria and Archaea
What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells? - ✔✔1. DNA in a nucleus that is
bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope
2. Membrane bound organelles
3. Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
4. Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than prokaryotic cells
Examples of eukaryotic cells - ✔✔Animal cells, Plant cells, fungi cells
Describe the Plasma Membrane's structure - ✔✔1. Phospholipid bilayer
2. Transport and receptor proteins
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, 3. Cholesterol (a steroid that stabilizes the tails of the phospholipid bilayer)
4. Glycolipids (lipids with attached carbohydrates)
Describe the function of the plasma membrane - ✔✔1. Separates intracellular fluids
from extracellular fluids
2. Control what enters and leaves the cell
3. Communication
Describe the structure of the cell wall (plants and fungi) - ✔✔1. Carbohydrate fibers in a
carbohydrate or protein matrix
2. Not a membrane
Describe the function of the cell wall - ✔✔Protection and structural support
Describe the structure of Cilia and Flagella? (mostly in animals) - ✔✔1. Extension of the
plasma membrane containing a complex of proteins (ex. microtubules) that support and
move the structure
2. Structural differences result in very different movement patterns between flagella
and cilia.
3. Generally only one or two flagella per cell, whereas there may be many cilia.
What is the function of Cilia and Flagella - ✔✔Move the cell through fluid (cilia and
flagella) or move fluid past the cell (cilia)
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