Summary Certified EKG Technician (CET) NHA Exam Notes

Chapter
intro heart raveshes
heart.is seperateventricalfromartery 3half
moon
c usps
ocatedinthoracicCchesticavit basetopofheart
semyypnh.ly

apexbottomofheart aorticvalve
Atrioventricular canbetweenatriumventriclesupported chordeatendinae
values
by
layers of the heart valveiscusps
tricuspid
Epicardium myocardium valve Bicuspidzcusps
Mitral
outermostlayer middlethickest
arteries
coronary pure
m usclecontracts in
valvesopen directionofblood
flow
damaged heart
d uring attack systoleheartbeatsexpels
blood
maraum Pericardium rests fillsw blood betweens.rs
diastoleheart
thinnestinnermost
layer double
walled that
sac heart
encloses
s closureofmitral tricuspidvalve
forms
heart
valves supportprotection soclosureofaorticpulmonaryvalve
conduction
system hearttodiaphragmgreat
anchors vessels

Great vessels arteryaway veintowards
fluidbetweenlayersofpericardiumminimizesfriction
pericardial cavasuereturns
superiorvena bloodtoright
d eoxygenated atriumfromupperbody
inferiorvena
cava live fromlowerbody
heart Gameers PulmonaryArterytakes from
deoxygenatedblood rightventricle tolungs
Atrium
Right LeftAtrium veinsreturnoxygenatedbloodfrom
Pulmonary lungs toleftatrium
recievesd eoxygenatedblood receives bloodfrom
oxygenated lungs Aortatakes
oxygenated fromleftventricletofeedallorgans
blood
from
returning body oxysatloot
oxysatbottorst Blood blown through heart
rightventricle Iim Tenated
bloodtobody superiorinferiorvena valve right
cava rightatriumtricuspid ventricle pulmonary

tolungs
pumpsdeoxygenatedblood oxysatloot leftatrium mitralvalve
oxy.sat.aottoisti.in ra YY.in i Yttiatue1
a
migraveins


the Cardiac Cycle

i
cardiaccyclemechanicaleventsthatoccurtopump
blood


I p filingpna's atria're'Eled

emptyAVvalvesopenblood
bloodfromsucrive arefullofbloodventriclesare
fillsventricles
rapidly
Diastasispressureinatriaventricles fill atriaemptiesbloodflowslows
kickartiumcontractsto
Atrial squeezeremainder ofbloodintoventricles
bloodpressureforceofbloodon
wallsofarteries systole 4
phases contract

intoleft rightside
septumdividesheart Isovolumetric contractionventricles
contracting nobloodflowoccurringbeaortic pulmonic
interatrialseptumdividesatria stillclosed
valves

interventricularseptumdivides
ventricle ventricularejectionvalves
open of
intopulmonaryandaorta
bloodpoursout ventricles
diastolepressureequalizebetweenventricles pulmonaryarteryaorta
proto
bloodflowslows
Isovolumetric
relaxationventricles aorta pulmonaryare
relax pressuredropswhile
fullofblood pressure

Blood bow through Boogy
aorta arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins venacava

, three Coronary Arteries
to
arteriessupplybloodflow myocardium
coronary

leftanteriordesendingLADbloodflowtoanteriorwallofleftventricle
flowtolateralwallofleftventricle
circumflexblood

coronaryarterybloodflowtorightventrical inferiorwallofleftventricle
Right


heart cells
contractilecellscausehearttocontractheartbeat
cellscreateand
conductionsystem conductelectricalsignals



nervous Gatrol of the heart
AutonomicNervoussystem
anscontrolsinvoluntarybiologicalfunctions
sympatheticnervous
system snshitsacceleratorneropinephrinecausesfightorflight
upheartincreasebpdialatespupilsslowsdigestion
speed
parasympatheticNervous Pnsbrakesacetylcholinecausesrest digestionslowsheart
system

ratelowersbpenhancesdigestion




Chapter 2

, Depolarization ano Garage Gomontion System
Conduction
Pathway

Tepolortzation tracts AV
sinusnode interatrialtracts atrium internodal nodebundleofHis
Polarizednegatively restingcardiaccell
c harged ium bundlebranchesPurkinjefibers

it_
GardieCeas
i 2 3 4 s impulsewo outsidestimulation
automacitycreate
electrical
1polarizedcellelectricallynegoninsidecomparedtooutside thisimpulsealongw neighboringcells
conductivityabilitytopass

2Depolarizationsodiumrushesintocellresultinginposelectricalcharge imunsbydepolarizing
qq.iq itfyabhffytqgqgq'ftp.go
thestartofelectricalcurrentflow nana
3conductionwhenpositiveionsmovetoadjacentcells
4SodiumPotassiumpumpmovespotassiumintocellssodiumout inherent Fatess
5 Repolarizationcellisreturnedtoitsrestingnegcharge NodeGo
Sinus to100 Alljunction40to60 Ventricle20toa

sinusNodenormalpacemaker
the Action Potential
o Gorouthion variations
aom yo
on of fii'nEaionIii normal


phase4cardiaccellatrestwrestingtiiiiiimiiaiiiiiintialflatiine.EE
phase0 Qrs
depolarization complex
IE EiiEi sei n go'ns




itiiaIEi.ii
Phase 2earlyrepolarizationcalciumreleasedStsegmentheartcontracting
Phases ranaremarization sodiumpotassiumsomatware

downlowerpacemakertakes
Escapepredominantpacemakeslows over
JeffactoryBertors beatbeatthat
Escape afterpauselongerthannormal
comes
Escape of
Rythmseries escape
beats
go.Eiierno.mn
Arrhythmiaabnormalheartrhythm

Absolutecell
cannot impulse.nostimulus
accept in
willresult depolarization lowerpacemakerbecomeshyper
Relativestrongstimuluswillresultindepolarization
hyption
in
willresult depolarization
supernormal weakstimulus
Usftion
that makes and complexes
ww .aseinyiint
m




Pwave
e ekGRapern
atrialdepolarization t
anscome ventriculardepolarization
man
Uwave
mammammam
lateventricularrepolarization
ifii.fi
iiii IIII
iIIIf atinterval EEg aiEein
an

eachP Qrs sequenceis heartbeat
AtrialcontractionduringPwavePpsegment
contractionduringQrs Stsegment
Ventricular

Qwavenegdeflection
Rwaveposdeflection2ⁿᵈRwaveis k

in i.iiiiiniini iiiition