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CCE 140 - Final Exam Questions And
Answers |Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass.
What are some characteristics of science? - Answer✔o Objective
o Verifiable
o Ethically neutral
o Reliable/repeatable
o Precise
o Accurate
What is pseudoscience? Why do people tend to believe pseudoscience? - Answer✔o
Statements, beliefs, or practices that are claimed to be both scientific and factual but are
incompatible with the scientific method.
o They tend to believe because of marketing -
- Compelling theory
- "Evidence"
Four types of cognitive bias - Answer✔o Desire to believe.
o Sunk Cost Fallacy - Get so far in one thing that you "can't stop now."
o Confirmation and Selection Bias - look for results that confirm what you already think.
o Clustering Illusion - Finding patterns where there are none.
What is the Dunning-Kruger effect? - Answer✔the less you know the more confident you are in
what you think you know
How to world views and human psychology contribute to our potential belief in pseudoscience?
- Answer✔o Personal experience
o Once we have an opinion we are close minded to others
1
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 9:50PM.
o Ignore the role of chance.
o Assume the world is what we see/remember.
o We are gullible.
What are the ways in which you can detect pseudoscience? - Answer✔o What is the Source?
What is the Agenda?
o Is there expertise?
o What language is used? (i.e., sciencey-ness)
o Is their claim of exclusivity?
o Does it involve testimonials?
o Is there a mention of a conspiracy of any kind?
o Does the claim involve multiple unassociated disorders?
o Is there a money trail or passionate belief involved?
o Were real scientific processes involved?
Why are statistics used in science? - Answer✔- Describe characteristics and phenomena
quantitatively.
- Give us an ability to quantifiably express confidence about a hypothesis and conclusions.
What is the difference between inferential and descriptive statistics? - Answer✔- Inferential:
Uses data about population obtained from samples which are then compared
- Descriptive: Characteristics of data are described in terms of the mean, median, mode, range,
and variance
How is hypothesis testing different from observational research? - Answer✔- Hypothesis:
experimental (test a hypothesis)
- Observational: descriptive (less specific objective)
How is the null hypothesis different from the hypothesis? Be able to give examples of both. -
Answer✔The null hypothesis is the alternative to compare your hypothesis to
- What would happen to your hypothesis of there was no change?
- i.e., giving a hair loss drug to two different groups and nothing happening.
What does it mean if you, "reject the null hypothesis"? - Answer✔- It means you accept your
alternative hypothesis (o.g. hypothesis)
If your research is "significantly significant", what does this mean? - Answer✔A Significant
difference (not a random chance difference)
2
CCE 140 - Final Exam Questions And
Answers |Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass.
What are some characteristics of science? - Answer✔o Objective
o Verifiable
o Ethically neutral
o Reliable/repeatable
o Precise
o Accurate
What is pseudoscience? Why do people tend to believe pseudoscience? - Answer✔o
Statements, beliefs, or practices that are claimed to be both scientific and factual but are
incompatible with the scientific method.
o They tend to believe because of marketing -
- Compelling theory
- "Evidence"
Four types of cognitive bias - Answer✔o Desire to believe.
o Sunk Cost Fallacy - Get so far in one thing that you "can't stop now."
o Confirmation and Selection Bias - look for results that confirm what you already think.
o Clustering Illusion - Finding patterns where there are none.
What is the Dunning-Kruger effect? - Answer✔the less you know the more confident you are in
what you think you know
How to world views and human psychology contribute to our potential belief in pseudoscience?
- Answer✔o Personal experience
o Once we have an opinion we are close minded to others
1
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 9:50PM.
o Ignore the role of chance.
o Assume the world is what we see/remember.
o We are gullible.
What are the ways in which you can detect pseudoscience? - Answer✔o What is the Source?
What is the Agenda?
o Is there expertise?
o What language is used? (i.e., sciencey-ness)
o Is their claim of exclusivity?
o Does it involve testimonials?
o Is there a mention of a conspiracy of any kind?
o Does the claim involve multiple unassociated disorders?
o Is there a money trail or passionate belief involved?
o Were real scientific processes involved?
Why are statistics used in science? - Answer✔- Describe characteristics and phenomena
quantitatively.
- Give us an ability to quantifiably express confidence about a hypothesis and conclusions.
What is the difference between inferential and descriptive statistics? - Answer✔- Inferential:
Uses data about population obtained from samples which are then compared
- Descriptive: Characteristics of data are described in terms of the mean, median, mode, range,
and variance
How is hypothesis testing different from observational research? - Answer✔- Hypothesis:
experimental (test a hypothesis)
- Observational: descriptive (less specific objective)
How is the null hypothesis different from the hypothesis? Be able to give examples of both. -
Answer✔The null hypothesis is the alternative to compare your hypothesis to
- What would happen to your hypothesis of there was no change?
- i.e., giving a hair loss drug to two different groups and nothing happening.
What does it mean if you, "reject the null hypothesis"? - Answer✔- It means you accept your
alternative hypothesis (o.g. hypothesis)
If your research is "significantly significant", what does this mean? - Answer✔A Significant
difference (not a random chance difference)
2
