PSYC 185 MIDTERM 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
What is development?
the process of growth, change, and maturation that occurs throughout the lifespan,
from conception to death. It encompasses physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional
changes.
Period of development
Prenatal: Conception to birth.
Infancy: Birth to 2 years.
Early Childhood: 2 to 6 years.
Middle Childhood: 6 to 11 years.
Adolescence: 11 to 20 years.
Early Adulthood: 20 to 40 years.
Middle Adulthood: 40 to 65 years.
Late Adulthood: 65 years and older.
,Domains of development
physical, cognitive, social/emotional
Physical development
Changes in body size, proportions, appearance, and the functioning of various body
systems.
Cognitive development
Changes in intellectual abilities, including attention, memory, academic and everyday
knowledge, problem-solving, imagination, creativity, and language.
Socio-emotional development
Changes in emotional communication, self-understanding, knowledge about other
people, interpersonal skills, friendships, intimate relationships, and moral reasoning
and behavior.
Continuous development
Development is a smooth and gradual accumulation of abilities.
Discontinuous development
Development occurs in distinct stages, with each stage bringing about specific types of
change.
,Stability
Our characteristics remain consistent over time.
Plasticity
Our traits can be molded, yet people maintain a certain durability of identity.
Universal
Developmental changes that occur in most individuals in a similar sequence.
Variable
Developmental changes that differ significantly among individuals or cultural groups.
Nature
Biological inheritance, especially genes, is the main influence on development.
Nurture
Environmental experiences, such as upbringing, education, and culture, are the primary
drivers of development.
, Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development:
Focuses on how children construct knowledge.
Four stages:
Sensorimotor (0-2 years): Learn through senses and actions.
Preoperational (2-7 years): Begin symbolic thinking but are egocentric.
Concrete Operational (7-11 years): Logical thinking about concrete events.
Formal Operational (12+ years): Abstract and hypothetical thinking.
Bandura's Social Learning Theory:
Emphasizes the role of observational learning, imitation, and modeling.
Introduces the concept of self-efficacy, the belief in one's capabilities to achieve goals.
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory:
Focuses on how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development.
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
What is development?
the process of growth, change, and maturation that occurs throughout the lifespan,
from conception to death. It encompasses physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional
changes.
Period of development
Prenatal: Conception to birth.
Infancy: Birth to 2 years.
Early Childhood: 2 to 6 years.
Middle Childhood: 6 to 11 years.
Adolescence: 11 to 20 years.
Early Adulthood: 20 to 40 years.
Middle Adulthood: 40 to 65 years.
Late Adulthood: 65 years and older.
,Domains of development
physical, cognitive, social/emotional
Physical development
Changes in body size, proportions, appearance, and the functioning of various body
systems.
Cognitive development
Changes in intellectual abilities, including attention, memory, academic and everyday
knowledge, problem-solving, imagination, creativity, and language.
Socio-emotional development
Changes in emotional communication, self-understanding, knowledge about other
people, interpersonal skills, friendships, intimate relationships, and moral reasoning
and behavior.
Continuous development
Development is a smooth and gradual accumulation of abilities.
Discontinuous development
Development occurs in distinct stages, with each stage bringing about specific types of
change.
,Stability
Our characteristics remain consistent over time.
Plasticity
Our traits can be molded, yet people maintain a certain durability of identity.
Universal
Developmental changes that occur in most individuals in a similar sequence.
Variable
Developmental changes that differ significantly among individuals or cultural groups.
Nature
Biological inheritance, especially genes, is the main influence on development.
Nurture
Environmental experiences, such as upbringing, education, and culture, are the primary
drivers of development.
, Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development:
Focuses on how children construct knowledge.
Four stages:
Sensorimotor (0-2 years): Learn through senses and actions.
Preoperational (2-7 years): Begin symbolic thinking but are egocentric.
Concrete Operational (7-11 years): Logical thinking about concrete events.
Formal Operational (12+ years): Abstract and hypothetical thinking.
Bandura's Social Learning Theory:
Emphasizes the role of observational learning, imitation, and modeling.
Introduces the concept of self-efficacy, the belief in one's capabilities to achieve goals.
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory:
Focuses on how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development.
