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NURS 487 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024/2025 GRADED A+.
What is an indicator/ symptom that shock is progressing? - (ANSWER)In the early
stage of septic shock, the patient has warm and dry skin. Cool and clammy skin
would indicate that the shock is progressing.
neurogenic shock - (ANSWER)Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves
that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in
patients with spinal cord injuries.
What are the hallmark symptoms of Neurogenic shock? - (ANSWER)hypotension
and bradycardia.
What are four of the manifestations of septic shock? - (ANSWER)- Increased
cardiac output
- warm, flushed skin
- fever and chills
- vasodilation
What is a symptom in anaphylactic shock? - (ANSWER)Angioneurotic edema.
What is one of the hallmark symptoms of ARDS? - (ANSWER)hypoxemia.
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What is MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome) - (ANSWER)progressive
dysfunction of two or more organ systems due to pro-inflammatory state such as
SIRS or Septic shock
What is an indication that a patient may be going from cardiogenic shock into
MODS? - (ANSWER)The elevated serum creatinine level indicates that the client
has renal failure as well as heart failure.
What are some symptoms of cardiogenic shock? - (ANSWER)Crackles, chest
pressure, and cool extremities are all consistent with cardiogenic shock.
What symptoms are suggestive of ARDS? - (ANSWER)Septicemia and laboured
breathing suggest the onset of ARDS
What is the purpose of prone positioning? - (ANSWER)to improve the client's
oxygenation as indicated by the PaO2 and SaO2.
What is intracellular fluid? - (ANSWER)fluid inside the cell
What is extracellular fluid? - (ANSWER)fluid outside the cell
What is intravascular fluid? - (ANSWER)Fluid WITHIN the blood vessels
What is interstitial fluid? - (ANSWER)Fluid BETWEEN the cells or in the tissues
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What is edema? (patho/ steps) - (ANSWER)The accumulation of fluid in
interstitial spaces.
- 1. increase in capillary permeability
- 2. increase in loss of fluid and protein
- 3. decreased capillary oncotic pressure
- 4. =EDEMA
What follows sodium? - (ANSWER)CHLORIDE & H2O FOLLOWS SODIUM
What is the purpose of sodium? - (ANSWER)90% of the ECF, works with K+ and
Ca++ to conduct nerve impulses and regulate acid-base balance and membrane
transport
Sodium (cation or anion, ECF or ICF, controlled by what? Roles?) - (ANSWER)-
primary ECF cation
- controlled by the kidneys/ aldosterone
- roles: neuromuscular irritability, acid-base balance, membrane transport
What is the purpose of chloride? (cation or anion, ECF or ICF, roles) - (ANSWER)-
Primary ECF anion
- provides electroneutrality
NURS 487 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024/2025 GRADED A+.
What is an indicator/ symptom that shock is progressing? - (ANSWER)In the early
stage of septic shock, the patient has warm and dry skin. Cool and clammy skin
would indicate that the shock is progressing.
neurogenic shock - (ANSWER)Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves
that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in
patients with spinal cord injuries.
What are the hallmark symptoms of Neurogenic shock? - (ANSWER)hypotension
and bradycardia.
What are four of the manifestations of septic shock? - (ANSWER)- Increased
cardiac output
- warm, flushed skin
- fever and chills
- vasodilation
What is a symptom in anaphylactic shock? - (ANSWER)Angioneurotic edema.
What is one of the hallmark symptoms of ARDS? - (ANSWER)hypoxemia.
, 2
What is MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome) - (ANSWER)progressive
dysfunction of two or more organ systems due to pro-inflammatory state such as
SIRS or Septic shock
What is an indication that a patient may be going from cardiogenic shock into
MODS? - (ANSWER)The elevated serum creatinine level indicates that the client
has renal failure as well as heart failure.
What are some symptoms of cardiogenic shock? - (ANSWER)Crackles, chest
pressure, and cool extremities are all consistent with cardiogenic shock.
What symptoms are suggestive of ARDS? - (ANSWER)Septicemia and laboured
breathing suggest the onset of ARDS
What is the purpose of prone positioning? - (ANSWER)to improve the client's
oxygenation as indicated by the PaO2 and SaO2.
What is intracellular fluid? - (ANSWER)fluid inside the cell
What is extracellular fluid? - (ANSWER)fluid outside the cell
What is intravascular fluid? - (ANSWER)Fluid WITHIN the blood vessels
What is interstitial fluid? - (ANSWER)Fluid BETWEEN the cells or in the tissues
, 3
What is edema? (patho/ steps) - (ANSWER)The accumulation of fluid in
interstitial spaces.
- 1. increase in capillary permeability
- 2. increase in loss of fluid and protein
- 3. decreased capillary oncotic pressure
- 4. =EDEMA
What follows sodium? - (ANSWER)CHLORIDE & H2O FOLLOWS SODIUM
What is the purpose of sodium? - (ANSWER)90% of the ECF, works with K+ and
Ca++ to conduct nerve impulses and regulate acid-base balance and membrane
transport
Sodium (cation or anion, ECF or ICF, controlled by what? Roles?) - (ANSWER)-
primary ECF cation
- controlled by the kidneys/ aldosterone
- roles: neuromuscular irritability, acid-base balance, membrane transport
What is the purpose of chloride? (cation or anion, ECF or ICF, roles) - (ANSWER)-
Primary ECF anion
- provides electroneutrality
