WCU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
The pathogenesis of pneumonia includes the inhalation of microbial agents and the
resulting of which of the following? (Select all that apply. - -Inflammation
-Lung consolidation
-Formation of exudates
What is the primary cause of airway obstruction in patients with chronic bronchitis? -
Mucous plugs
Uncontrolled massive bleeding causes what type of shock? - Hypovolemic
Which is a modifiable risk factor for prevention of atherosclerosis? - Smoking
Which term is used to describe the deficiency in circulating platelets? -
Thrombocytopenia
Necrosis is the result of cellular injury that does not allow for cellular adaptation
because it is which of the following? (Select all that apply.) - -Too severe
-Too prolonged
-A result of a disrupted blood supply
Which is a major determinant of diastolic blood pressure? - Vascular resistance
Which type of hypersensitivity response is mediated by T cells? - Hypersensitivity type
IV
Which type of cellular adaptation is most likely to occur as the result of chronic ischemia
to a region? - Atrophy
Which statement is true regarding asthma? - Airway inflammation
Which clinical manifestation differentiates myocardial infarction (MI) from angina
pectoris? (Select all that apply.) - -Radiating chest pain
-ST-segment changes on the ECG
-Elevated serum levels of troponin
Which cell is from myeloid lineage? (Select all that apply.) - -Platelets
-Monocytes
-Granulocytes
Signs and symptoms of a disease first occur during the - Prodromal period
Which describes a pathologic manifestation of neurogenic shock? - Loss of sympathetic
activation of arteriolar smooth muscle
,Which condition occurs in the presence of cellular damage? - Sodium and water move
into the cell.
Which statement is true about disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? - It is both
a bleeding and clotting disorder.
It is true that acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) is - Primarily diagnosed in children
Which term means the cause of the disease ? - Etiology
Which condition may result in chronic pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular
hypertrophy, and right-sided heart failure? - Mitral Valve Stenosis
In muscle hypertrophy, the hypertrophied cells increase in - Size
Which statement is true regarding cystic fibrosis? - It is the most common genetic
disease in the United States.
A patient with heart failure reports awakening intermittently with shortness of breath.
Which terms appropriately describe this clinical manifestation? - Paroxysmal nocturnal
The condition associated with hypoxemia as a result of lung disease or living at high
altitudes is called - Secondary polycythemia
Risk factors for the development of high blood pressure are which of the following?
(Select all that apply.) - -Age
-Race
-Diet
-Weight
Which term is used to describe the histologic characterization of tumor cells? - Grading
Which statement regarding chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a true statement? -
Affected persons carry philadelphia chromosome
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by which of the following? (Select all
that apply.) - -Elevated granulocyte count
-Abdominal discomfort
-Weight loss
Which term best describes a condition that presents with the symptoms of petechiae,
easy bruising, bleeding gums, occult hematuria, or retinal hemorrhages? -
Thrombocytopenia
What gene is associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)? - BCR/ABL
, Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia include which of the following? (Select all that
apply.) - -Positive trousseau sign
-Positive chvostek sign
-Hyperactive reflexes
-Muscle twitching
-Paresthesias
A skin assessment of the legs of a client diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency
would show which of the following? (Select all that apply.) - -Reddish pigmented areas
-Reports of legs cramping
-Edema increasing as the day progresses
-An ulcer on the ankle of the affected leg
When a patient receives bone marrow from a closely matched relative, it is referred to
as what type of transplant? - Allogenic
High blood pressure can be treated with lifestyle modification related to which of the
following? (Select all that apply.) - -Decreased sodium intake
-Relaxation techniques
-Weight management
-Exercise
The role of the circulatory system is to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
- -Transport O2 and nutrients throughout the body
-Remove waste products found within the body
What stage is defined by "fight or flight"? - Alarm
Which best defines systolic blood pressure? - Occurs during ventricular contraction.
Which hormone is responsible for lactation and interferes with ovulation? - Prolactin
What is the underlying problem common among all types of shock? - Inadequate
cellular oxygenation
The primary cause of sudden cardiac death is usually due to - Ventricular dysrhythmia
Which term refers to a state of tension that can lead to disruption or threaten physical
stability? - Stress
Which statement is true regarding carbonic acid (H 2CO 3)? - If body fluids are too
acidic, carbonic acid is excreted through the respiratory system in the form of carbon
dioxide and water.
The shift to anaerobic metabolism in shock results in - Increased lactate production
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
The pathogenesis of pneumonia includes the inhalation of microbial agents and the
resulting of which of the following? (Select all that apply. - -Inflammation
-Lung consolidation
-Formation of exudates
What is the primary cause of airway obstruction in patients with chronic bronchitis? -
Mucous plugs
Uncontrolled massive bleeding causes what type of shock? - Hypovolemic
Which is a modifiable risk factor for prevention of atherosclerosis? - Smoking
Which term is used to describe the deficiency in circulating platelets? -
Thrombocytopenia
Necrosis is the result of cellular injury that does not allow for cellular adaptation
because it is which of the following? (Select all that apply.) - -Too severe
-Too prolonged
-A result of a disrupted blood supply
Which is a major determinant of diastolic blood pressure? - Vascular resistance
Which type of hypersensitivity response is mediated by T cells? - Hypersensitivity type
IV
Which type of cellular adaptation is most likely to occur as the result of chronic ischemia
to a region? - Atrophy
Which statement is true regarding asthma? - Airway inflammation
Which clinical manifestation differentiates myocardial infarction (MI) from angina
pectoris? (Select all that apply.) - -Radiating chest pain
-ST-segment changes on the ECG
-Elevated serum levels of troponin
Which cell is from myeloid lineage? (Select all that apply.) - -Platelets
-Monocytes
-Granulocytes
Signs and symptoms of a disease first occur during the - Prodromal period
Which describes a pathologic manifestation of neurogenic shock? - Loss of sympathetic
activation of arteriolar smooth muscle
,Which condition occurs in the presence of cellular damage? - Sodium and water move
into the cell.
Which statement is true about disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? - It is both
a bleeding and clotting disorder.
It is true that acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) is - Primarily diagnosed in children
Which term means the cause of the disease ? - Etiology
Which condition may result in chronic pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular
hypertrophy, and right-sided heart failure? - Mitral Valve Stenosis
In muscle hypertrophy, the hypertrophied cells increase in - Size
Which statement is true regarding cystic fibrosis? - It is the most common genetic
disease in the United States.
A patient with heart failure reports awakening intermittently with shortness of breath.
Which terms appropriately describe this clinical manifestation? - Paroxysmal nocturnal
The condition associated with hypoxemia as a result of lung disease or living at high
altitudes is called - Secondary polycythemia
Risk factors for the development of high blood pressure are which of the following?
(Select all that apply.) - -Age
-Race
-Diet
-Weight
Which term is used to describe the histologic characterization of tumor cells? - Grading
Which statement regarding chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a true statement? -
Affected persons carry philadelphia chromosome
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by which of the following? (Select all
that apply.) - -Elevated granulocyte count
-Abdominal discomfort
-Weight loss
Which term best describes a condition that presents with the symptoms of petechiae,
easy bruising, bleeding gums, occult hematuria, or retinal hemorrhages? -
Thrombocytopenia
What gene is associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)? - BCR/ABL
, Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia include which of the following? (Select all that
apply.) - -Positive trousseau sign
-Positive chvostek sign
-Hyperactive reflexes
-Muscle twitching
-Paresthesias
A skin assessment of the legs of a client diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency
would show which of the following? (Select all that apply.) - -Reddish pigmented areas
-Reports of legs cramping
-Edema increasing as the day progresses
-An ulcer on the ankle of the affected leg
When a patient receives bone marrow from a closely matched relative, it is referred to
as what type of transplant? - Allogenic
High blood pressure can be treated with lifestyle modification related to which of the
following? (Select all that apply.) - -Decreased sodium intake
-Relaxation techniques
-Weight management
-Exercise
The role of the circulatory system is to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
- -Transport O2 and nutrients throughout the body
-Remove waste products found within the body
What stage is defined by "fight or flight"? - Alarm
Which best defines systolic blood pressure? - Occurs during ventricular contraction.
Which hormone is responsible for lactation and interferes with ovulation? - Prolactin
What is the underlying problem common among all types of shock? - Inadequate
cellular oxygenation
The primary cause of sudden cardiac death is usually due to - Ventricular dysrhythmia
Which term refers to a state of tension that can lead to disruption or threaten physical
stability? - Stress
Which statement is true regarding carbonic acid (H 2CO 3)? - If body fluids are too
acidic, carbonic acid is excreted through the respiratory system in the form of carbon
dioxide and water.
The shift to anaerobic metabolism in shock results in - Increased lactate production
