ANSWERS 2025/2026 GRADED A+
The CRAFFT questions are a means of screening adolescents for substance‐related
problems - C-Have you ever ridden in a Car driven by someone (You?) who is high on
alcohol or drugs?
R-Do you use alcohol or take drugs to Relax, feel better about yourself, or fit in?
A-Do you ever use alcohol or take drugs while you are Alone? -
F-Do you ever Forget things you did while using drugs or alcohol?
F-Have a Family member or Friend told you to cut down on drinking or drug use?
T-Have you ever gotten into Trouble from using alcohol or taking drugs?
Screening vs. Assessment - There is a difference between a screening and an
assessment interview.
The goal of screening is to find out if a problem exists - This is particularly true of
CAGE, CRAFFT, and TACE questionnaires.
They are effective, but they are only the start, and assessment goes on from there
Intimate Partner Violence - Both men and women suffer from intimate partner violence
(IPV).
More women experience IPV
They come from every ethnic and socioeconomic group
Three questions comprise a brief screening instrument to detect partner violence - -
Have you ever been hit, kicked, punched, or otherwise hurt by someone within the past
year?
- Do you feel safe in your current relationship?
- Is there a partner from a previous relationship who is making you feel unsafe now?
Domestic Violence: HITS - Verbal abuse is as intense a problem as physical violence.
The wording of the question is:
"In the last year how often did your partner:
- Hurt you physically?"
- Insult or talk down to you?"
- Threaten you with physical harm?"
- Scream or curse at you?"
Spirituality - Many patients want attention paid to spirituality
,Faith can be a key factor in the success of a management plan.
Some patients may prefer that you not breach the subject.
The acronym FICA can be used as an approach
FICA - Faith, Belief, Meaning
What is your spiritual heritage? What writings are important to you? Do these beliefs
help you cope with stress?
Importance and Influence - How have these beliefs influenced how you handle stress?
To what extent?
Community - Do you belong to a formal spiritual or religious community?
Address/Action in Care - How do your religious beliefs affect your health care
decisions? How would you like me to support you in this regard when your health is
involved?
sexuality - The sexual orientation of a patient must be known if appropriate continuity of
care is to be offered
Trust can be better achieved if questions are "gender neutral."
- Tell me about your living situation.
- Are you sexually active? In what way?
Subjective Data - Subjective = States/ Says
Subjective = Symptoms
The purpose of the subjective interview is to identify PATTERNS
Outline of the History - Chief complaint (CC) or the reason for seeking care
History of present illness or problem (HPI)
Past medical history (PMH)
Family history (FH)
Personal and social history (PH/ SH)
Review of systems (ROS)
CC: Chief complaint/concern - Reason for seeking Care
Always in the patients' words—this sets the focus of the visit. (may need to teach staff!)
, Should only be a couple of sentences.
"I am here for a physical exam."
"I need my cholesterol checked."
"My wife says I forget everything."
Ways to elicit CC:
• What do you want to work on today?
• What is bothering you the most today?
Note all significant complaints
Seek answer to the question
"What underlying problems or symptoms brought you here?"
Determine the duration of the current illness by asking
"How long has this problem been present?" Or
"When did these symptoms begin?"
Note age, gender, marital status, occupation, and previous hospital admissions
HPI: History of Present Illness/ Problem - About 80% of your diagnosis will come from
the historical information you collect
Establish the problem or the CC
HPI = Symptom Analysis
Helps differentiate between possible causes Helps in ruling in or ruling out possible
causes
HPI: Explore the following - Chronology of events
Health state before present problem
First symptoms
Exposure to infection or toxic agents
Typical attack
Illness impact on lifestyle
Stability of problem
Immediate reason for visit
Review of involved systems
Medications list
Complementary or alternative therapies Chronology review Problem list
HPI should include the following: - Onset