NSE 221 STUDY REVIEW WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
100% VERIFIED!!
purpose of blood transfusions - ANSWER 1) increase blood volume
2) correct RBC deficiency
3) maintain clotting ability
4) provide selected blood components as replacement therapy
components of blood - ANSWER plasma
RBC
WBC
platelets
types of transfusions - ANSWER whole blood, packed RBCs, platelets, albumin, fresh
frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and IV immunoglobulins
When is whole blood given? - ANSWER where *major blood loss* occurs
when are packed RBCs used? - ANSWER most *commonly* used to improve and/or
replace RBCs
When are platelet transfusions indicated? - ANSWER - severe microvascular bleeding
- pts w/ platelet count of less than 10,000-20,000/mm3
- *bleeding* pts w/ platelet count of less than 50,000/mm3
when is albumin infusion done? - ANSWER - 5% soln used for hypovolemic shock &
hypoproteinemia
,- 25% soln for severe burns & low albumin
When is fresh frozen plasma used? - ANSWER replaces coagulation factors when BV
expansion is also needed
When is cryoprecipitate used? - ANSWER - to increase fibrinogen lvls
- to replace factors w/o the hypervolemia risk w/ FFP
What is IVIG used for? - ANSWER a protein replacement therapy for pts who have
decreased or abolished antibody production capabilities
antibodies in O blood - ANSWER Anti-A and Anti-B
antibodies in A blood - ANSWER anti-B
antibodies in B blood - ANSWER Anti-A
antibodies in AB blood - ANSWER no antibodies
compatible RBC for O blood - ANSWER O
Compatible RBC for A blood - ANSWER A,O
Compatible RBC for B blood - ANSWER B,O
Compatible RBC for AB blood - ANSWER A,B,O,AB
Compatible plasma for O blood - ANSWER O,A,B,AB
,Compatible plasma for A blood - ANSWER A,AB
Compatible plasma for B blood - ANSWER B,AB
Compatible plasma for AB blood - ANSWER AB
RBC Rh type for +ve Rh - ANSWER +ve or -ve
RBC Rh type for Rh- - ANSWER -ve
Plasma Rh type for Rh+ - ANSWER +ve, -ve
Plasma Rh type for Rh- - ANSWER +ve,-ve
adverse reactions for blood transfusions - ANSWER 1) mild allergy
2) anaphylaxis
3) non-hemolytic
4) hemolytic
5) TRALI (transfusion related acute lung injury)
6) TACO (transfusion associated circulatory overload)
7) massive blood transfusion rxn
8) acute intravascular hemolytic
9) sepsis
Most common transfusion reaction - ANSWER febrile non-hemolytic
, what causes mild allergic rxn for transfusions? - ANSWER antibodies against donor
plasma proteins
what causes anaphylaxis rxn for transfusions? - ANSWER antibodies to donor plasma,
especially *anti-IgA*
what causes febrile non-hemolytic transfusion rxns? - ANSWER antibodies against
leukocytes & HLA antigens
what causes febrile hemolytic rxn? - ANSWER results from rapid destruction of donor's
RBCs by host antibodies
what causes TRALI rxns? - ANSWER
what is the leading cause of death in blood transfusions? - ANSWER TRALI
what causes TACO rxn? - ANSWER blood is administered faster than circulation can
accommodate
what causes massive blood transfusion rxn? - ANSWER when pts receive massive
transfusions (10+ RBC units under 24 hrs)
what causes acute intravascular hemolytic rxns? - ANSWER antibodies in plasma
attach to transfused RBCs --> RBC destruction
cause of sepsis rxn during transfusion - ANSWER bacterial contamination of
transfused blood components
steps to take when acute transfusion rxn ... - ANSWER 1) STOP transfusion
2) maintain patent IV line w/ saline soln
100% VERIFIED!!
purpose of blood transfusions - ANSWER 1) increase blood volume
2) correct RBC deficiency
3) maintain clotting ability
4) provide selected blood components as replacement therapy
components of blood - ANSWER plasma
RBC
WBC
platelets
types of transfusions - ANSWER whole blood, packed RBCs, platelets, albumin, fresh
frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and IV immunoglobulins
When is whole blood given? - ANSWER where *major blood loss* occurs
when are packed RBCs used? - ANSWER most *commonly* used to improve and/or
replace RBCs
When are platelet transfusions indicated? - ANSWER - severe microvascular bleeding
- pts w/ platelet count of less than 10,000-20,000/mm3
- *bleeding* pts w/ platelet count of less than 50,000/mm3
when is albumin infusion done? - ANSWER - 5% soln used for hypovolemic shock &
hypoproteinemia
,- 25% soln for severe burns & low albumin
When is fresh frozen plasma used? - ANSWER replaces coagulation factors when BV
expansion is also needed
When is cryoprecipitate used? - ANSWER - to increase fibrinogen lvls
- to replace factors w/o the hypervolemia risk w/ FFP
What is IVIG used for? - ANSWER a protein replacement therapy for pts who have
decreased or abolished antibody production capabilities
antibodies in O blood - ANSWER Anti-A and Anti-B
antibodies in A blood - ANSWER anti-B
antibodies in B blood - ANSWER Anti-A
antibodies in AB blood - ANSWER no antibodies
compatible RBC for O blood - ANSWER O
Compatible RBC for A blood - ANSWER A,O
Compatible RBC for B blood - ANSWER B,O
Compatible RBC for AB blood - ANSWER A,B,O,AB
Compatible plasma for O blood - ANSWER O,A,B,AB
,Compatible plasma for A blood - ANSWER A,AB
Compatible plasma for B blood - ANSWER B,AB
Compatible plasma for AB blood - ANSWER AB
RBC Rh type for +ve Rh - ANSWER +ve or -ve
RBC Rh type for Rh- - ANSWER -ve
Plasma Rh type for Rh+ - ANSWER +ve, -ve
Plasma Rh type for Rh- - ANSWER +ve,-ve
adverse reactions for blood transfusions - ANSWER 1) mild allergy
2) anaphylaxis
3) non-hemolytic
4) hemolytic
5) TRALI (transfusion related acute lung injury)
6) TACO (transfusion associated circulatory overload)
7) massive blood transfusion rxn
8) acute intravascular hemolytic
9) sepsis
Most common transfusion reaction - ANSWER febrile non-hemolytic
, what causes mild allergic rxn for transfusions? - ANSWER antibodies against donor
plasma proteins
what causes anaphylaxis rxn for transfusions? - ANSWER antibodies to donor plasma,
especially *anti-IgA*
what causes febrile non-hemolytic transfusion rxns? - ANSWER antibodies against
leukocytes & HLA antigens
what causes febrile hemolytic rxn? - ANSWER results from rapid destruction of donor's
RBCs by host antibodies
what causes TRALI rxns? - ANSWER
what is the leading cause of death in blood transfusions? - ANSWER TRALI
what causes TACO rxn? - ANSWER blood is administered faster than circulation can
accommodate
what causes massive blood transfusion rxn? - ANSWER when pts receive massive
transfusions (10+ RBC units under 24 hrs)
what causes acute intravascular hemolytic rxns? - ANSWER antibodies in plasma
attach to transfused RBCs --> RBC destruction
cause of sepsis rxn during transfusion - ANSWER bacterial contamination of
transfused blood components
steps to take when acute transfusion rxn ... - ANSWER 1) STOP transfusion
2) maintain patent IV line w/ saline soln
