Chapter 4 Study Guide
1. Domain- perspective of a profession.
2. Paradigm- links science, philosophy, and theories accepted and applied by the discipline.
3. Nursing paradigm- includes four linages- the person, health, environment and the nursing
discipline.
4. Person- is the recipient of nursing care.
5. Environment- all possible conditions affecting the patient and the setting of health care delivery.
6. Nursing- the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health
problems.
7. Nursing theories- a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing communicated for the purpose
of describing, explaining, predicting, or prescribing nursing care.
8. Theory-concepts, definitions, and assumptions or propositions.
9. Phenomenon- label given to describe an idea about an event, or group of situations.
10. Concepts- ideas and mental images.
11. Definitions- activity necessary to measure the concepts, relationships, or variables.
12. Assumptions- “taken for granted” statements.
13. Grand theories- Structural framework for broad, abstract ideas about nursing.
14. Middle-range theories- Address specific phenomena and reflect practice.
15. Descriptive theories- describe, speculate, and describe consequences of phenomena.
16. Prescriptive theories- action oriented and test the validity and predictability of nursing
interventions.
17. Give an example of an interdisciplinary theory- Piaget’s theory of cognitive development helps to
explain how children think, reason, and perceive the world.
18. Explain the following components of the nursing process as it pertains to systems:
a. Input- the data that come from a patient’s assessment.
b. Output- end product of a system (whether the patient’s health improves, declines, or
remains stable).
c. Feedback- the outcomes reflect the patient’s responses to nursing interventions.
d. Content- information about the nursing care for patients with specific health care
problems.
19. List the five levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs:
a. Physiological needs (air, water, food)
b. Safety and security needs (physical and psychological)
c. Love and belonging needs (friends, social relationships, and sexual love)
d. Esteem and self-esteem needs (self-confidence, usefulness, achievement, and self-
worth)
e. Self-actualization
20. Nightingale-The environment was the focus of nursing care.
21. Peplau’s- Nurse-patient relationship.
22. Henderson’s-Help patient perform 14 basic needs through physiological, psychological,
sociocultural, spiritual, and developmental domains.
23. Benner and Wrubel’s- Personal concern as an inherent feature of nursing practice.
24. Orem’s- Patient’s self-care needs.
25. Leininger’s- Culturally specific nursing care.
,26. Roy’s- The goal is to help the patient adapt.
27. Watson’s-Philosophy of transpersonal caring.
28. Which of the following models is based on the physiological, sociocultural, and dependence-
independence adaptive modes? Roy’s adaptation model (Table 4-1, p 45.)
29. How would you distinguish between theories and assumptions? Assumptions are assumed to be
true, but theories are not. A theory is a set of concepts, definitions, and assumptions are the
“taken for granted” statement.
30. Nursing paradigm includes the following linkages: Person. The recipient of nursing care.
,
1. Domain- perspective of a profession.
2. Paradigm- links science, philosophy, and theories accepted and applied by the discipline.
3. Nursing paradigm- includes four linages- the person, health, environment and the nursing
discipline.
4. Person- is the recipient of nursing care.
5. Environment- all possible conditions affecting the patient and the setting of health care delivery.
6. Nursing- the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health
problems.
7. Nursing theories- a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing communicated for the purpose
of describing, explaining, predicting, or prescribing nursing care.
8. Theory-concepts, definitions, and assumptions or propositions.
9. Phenomenon- label given to describe an idea about an event, or group of situations.
10. Concepts- ideas and mental images.
11. Definitions- activity necessary to measure the concepts, relationships, or variables.
12. Assumptions- “taken for granted” statements.
13. Grand theories- Structural framework for broad, abstract ideas about nursing.
14. Middle-range theories- Address specific phenomena and reflect practice.
15. Descriptive theories- describe, speculate, and describe consequences of phenomena.
16. Prescriptive theories- action oriented and test the validity and predictability of nursing
interventions.
17. Give an example of an interdisciplinary theory- Piaget’s theory of cognitive development helps to
explain how children think, reason, and perceive the world.
18. Explain the following components of the nursing process as it pertains to systems:
a. Input- the data that come from a patient’s assessment.
b. Output- end product of a system (whether the patient’s health improves, declines, or
remains stable).
c. Feedback- the outcomes reflect the patient’s responses to nursing interventions.
d. Content- information about the nursing care for patients with specific health care
problems.
19. List the five levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs:
a. Physiological needs (air, water, food)
b. Safety and security needs (physical and psychological)
c. Love and belonging needs (friends, social relationships, and sexual love)
d. Esteem and self-esteem needs (self-confidence, usefulness, achievement, and self-
worth)
e. Self-actualization
20. Nightingale-The environment was the focus of nursing care.
21. Peplau’s- Nurse-patient relationship.
22. Henderson’s-Help patient perform 14 basic needs through physiological, psychological,
sociocultural, spiritual, and developmental domains.
23. Benner and Wrubel’s- Personal concern as an inherent feature of nursing practice.
24. Orem’s- Patient’s self-care needs.
25. Leininger’s- Culturally specific nursing care.
,26. Roy’s- The goal is to help the patient adapt.
27. Watson’s-Philosophy of transpersonal caring.
28. Which of the following models is based on the physiological, sociocultural, and dependence-
independence adaptive modes? Roy’s adaptation model (Table 4-1, p 45.)
29. How would you distinguish between theories and assumptions? Assumptions are assumed to be
true, but theories are not. A theory is a set of concepts, definitions, and assumptions are the
“taken for granted” statement.
30. Nursing paradigm includes the following linkages: Person. The recipient of nursing care.
,
