Penn Foster Veterinary
Pharmacology Final Exam
With Answers Focus On Your
Success
Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and reproductive drugs.
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system.
Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter
activity, mimic their actions, or block them from acting.
Identify examples of respiratory drugs
Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators, decongestants
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation
Nsaids, opioids, antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs.
Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs.
Describe how antiparasitic drugs work.
Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or inhibiting their growth. Mostly they work by
interfering with the parasite's nervous system to prevent them from moving.
Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health.
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control
Keeping the staff informed regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which back
ordered items will be released from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor
(e.g., expired items), rotating stock correctly, maintaining current prices on all products,
organizing inventory for ease of location and counting, receiving and inspecting orders on arrival
at the veterinary facility, and learning about new products.
Define: agonist
A drug that has an affinity for a receptor/stimulates the receptor into action
,Define: contraindication
A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: efficacy
The degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
Define: over-the-counter drug
One that a veterinarian may sell without a prescription.
Define: prescription drug
A veterinarian must supervise its use.
Define: receptor
A group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that binds with a drug to produce an effect
Define: therapeutic index
Expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic and harmful effects
Define: withdrawal time
Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug therapy and elimination of that drug
from patients' tissues or products
Define the veterinarian-client-patient relationship.
The vet must have established relationships with the patient and the owner before dispensing
prescription drugs.
List 4 sources of drugs used in vet med
Animal products, plant materials, minerals, synthetic products
What are the 4 components of a drug regimen?
Dose, route, frequency, and duration of administration.
Discuss the conditions that must be met to create a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship.
1. The vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments about the health of the
animal.
2. The vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with its care.
3. The vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders.
To carry out the vet's orders correctly. Should read the drug label three times to ensure the proper
drug is being administered and should take care to administer the correct dose by the correct
,route. Should be aware of the expected effects and potential adverse side effects and be able to
monitor the patient.
Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes, from administration to excretion.
The drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream the drug may bind with plasma in
the blood or may exist in a free state, circulating blood distributes the drug to a capillary level
where it leaves circulation and enters interstitial fluid. It bathes the cell and allows the drug to
bind to cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell and moves back into the
interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is transported to the liver for metabolism. The
metabolite is then transported to the kidneys for excretion.
List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient.
Oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac,
intramedullary, inhalation, topical, intradermal
List some of the factors that influence drug absorption
Method of absorption, ph of the drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, the blood
supply to the area, the solubility of the drug, dosage form, the status of gi tract, and interactions
with other drugs
Most biotransformation occurs in the_____
Liver
Most drug excretion occurs via the ______
Kidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____
Receptors
The drug name was chosen by the manufacturer and is the exclusive property of that company.
Trade/proprietary name
What are the 6 items that must be included on the drug label?
Names (generic and trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or
lot number, expiration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use of animal
health products?
Fda, epa, usda
, Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they use?
Profit earned from selling products.
Describe the marketing of animal health products.
Purchased from manufacturers, distributors, or generic mail-order companies. May be sold only
one label to graduate veterinarians and another as over-the-counter.
All fda-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____
The green book
What is the purpose of farad?
Provides resources concerning the avoidance of drug residues in animals
Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by what act of
congress?
Animal medicinal drug use clarification act (amduca)
Define compounding
Diluting or combining existing drugs
What are the potential dangers of residues in animal products?
May cause allergic reactions or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic-
resistant strains of bacteria
List 3 classes of drug interactions
Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmaceutic
Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized by
the_____
Liver
Define: ethical product
One sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the manufacturer rather than by fda
requirement
Once a drug has been bio-transformed, it is called a_____
Metabolite
A reason to use a drug is a (n)_____
Indication
The diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on the following except:
A. Practical experience
Pharmacology Final Exam
With Answers Focus On Your
Success
Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and reproductive drugs.
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system.
Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter
activity, mimic their actions, or block them from acting.
Identify examples of respiratory drugs
Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators, decongestants
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation
Nsaids, opioids, antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs.
Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs.
Describe how antiparasitic drugs work.
Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or inhibiting their growth. Mostly they work by
interfering with the parasite's nervous system to prevent them from moving.
Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health.
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control
Keeping the staff informed regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which back
ordered items will be released from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor
(e.g., expired items), rotating stock correctly, maintaining current prices on all products,
organizing inventory for ease of location and counting, receiving and inspecting orders on arrival
at the veterinary facility, and learning about new products.
Define: agonist
A drug that has an affinity for a receptor/stimulates the receptor into action
,Define: contraindication
A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: efficacy
The degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
Define: over-the-counter drug
One that a veterinarian may sell without a prescription.
Define: prescription drug
A veterinarian must supervise its use.
Define: receptor
A group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that binds with a drug to produce an effect
Define: therapeutic index
Expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic and harmful effects
Define: withdrawal time
Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug therapy and elimination of that drug
from patients' tissues or products
Define the veterinarian-client-patient relationship.
The vet must have established relationships with the patient and the owner before dispensing
prescription drugs.
List 4 sources of drugs used in vet med
Animal products, plant materials, minerals, synthetic products
What are the 4 components of a drug regimen?
Dose, route, frequency, and duration of administration.
Discuss the conditions that must be met to create a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship.
1. The vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments about the health of the
animal.
2. The vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with its care.
3. The vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders.
To carry out the vet's orders correctly. Should read the drug label three times to ensure the proper
drug is being administered and should take care to administer the correct dose by the correct
,route. Should be aware of the expected effects and potential adverse side effects and be able to
monitor the patient.
Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes, from administration to excretion.
The drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream the drug may bind with plasma in
the blood or may exist in a free state, circulating blood distributes the drug to a capillary level
where it leaves circulation and enters interstitial fluid. It bathes the cell and allows the drug to
bind to cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell and moves back into the
interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is transported to the liver for metabolism. The
metabolite is then transported to the kidneys for excretion.
List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient.
Oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac,
intramedullary, inhalation, topical, intradermal
List some of the factors that influence drug absorption
Method of absorption, ph of the drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, the blood
supply to the area, the solubility of the drug, dosage form, the status of gi tract, and interactions
with other drugs
Most biotransformation occurs in the_____
Liver
Most drug excretion occurs via the ______
Kidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____
Receptors
The drug name was chosen by the manufacturer and is the exclusive property of that company.
Trade/proprietary name
What are the 6 items that must be included on the drug label?
Names (generic and trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or
lot number, expiration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use of animal
health products?
Fda, epa, usda
, Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they use?
Profit earned from selling products.
Describe the marketing of animal health products.
Purchased from manufacturers, distributors, or generic mail-order companies. May be sold only
one label to graduate veterinarians and another as over-the-counter.
All fda-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____
The green book
What is the purpose of farad?
Provides resources concerning the avoidance of drug residues in animals
Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by what act of
congress?
Animal medicinal drug use clarification act (amduca)
Define compounding
Diluting or combining existing drugs
What are the potential dangers of residues in animal products?
May cause allergic reactions or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic-
resistant strains of bacteria
List 3 classes of drug interactions
Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmaceutic
Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized by
the_____
Liver
Define: ethical product
One sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the manufacturer rather than by fda
requirement
Once a drug has been bio-transformed, it is called a_____
Metabolite
A reason to use a drug is a (n)_____
Indication
The diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on the following except:
A. Practical experience
