BIOS 251 Final questions and solutions

BIOS 251 Final questions and solutions


Components of the homeostatic control loop - Correct Answer ✔✔ - receptor, control center, effector
by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




Negative feedback - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -works to oppose change
by by by by by by by by by by by




-brings condition back to a set point
by by by by by by




Positive feedback - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -works to enhance change
by by by by by by by by by by by




-brings condition further away from a set point
by by by by by by by




Tonicity - Correct Answer ✔✔ - relates to how the solution influences the shape of body cells
by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




Hypotonic solution - Correct Answer ✔✔ - RBC undergoes hemolysis (swelling)
by by by by by by by by by by by




Hypertonic solution - Correct Answer ✔✔ - RBC undergoes crenation (shrinking)
by by by by by by by by by by by




Osmosis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -concentration of solutes per liter
by by by by by by by by by by by




-water moves from high concentration of water to low concentration of water
by by by by by by by by by by by




Factors that influence diffusion across a cell membrane - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -steepness of concentration gradient
by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




-temperature
-mass of diffusing substance
by by by




-surface area by




-diffusion distance by




Passive processes that move substances across the cell membrane - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -Simple diffusion
by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




-Facilitated diffusion by




Osmosis processes that move substances across the cell membrane - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -Active processes
by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




-Active transport by




-Vesicular transport by




Primary active transport - Correct Answer ✔✔ - energy derived from ATP changes the shape of a transporter protein
by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




which pumps a substance across a plasma membrane against its concentration gradient
by by by by by by by by by by by by




Secondary active transport - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -energy stored (in a hydrogen or sodium concentration gradient) is
by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




used to drive other substances against their own concentration gradients
by by by by by by by by by by




-substance is being transported "against its will" by by by by by by




Types of active transport in vesicles - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -endocytosis
by by by by by by by by by by by by




-phagocytosis
-pinocytosis
-exocytosis
-transocytosis

,Endocytosis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - cell takes up specific ligands that bind to cell surface receptors into a vesicle by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




Phagocytosis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -cell engulfs large particles such as old cell parts, viruses, bacteria by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




-used by many immune system cells by by by by by




Pinocytosis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -cells take up small droplets of ECF by by by by by by by by by by by by by




-no receptors involved by by




-"cell drinking" by




Exocytosis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -membrane-enclosed secretory vesicles fuse w/the plasma membrane and release by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




their contents into the ECF
by by by by by




-used to secretions such as sweat, oil by by by by by by




Transocytosis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -a combination of endocytosis and exocytosis used to move substances from on by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




side of a cell, across it, and out the other side
by by by by by by by by by by by




-example: capillary moves hormones to other side of vessel to be released into blood via exocytosis by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




Merocrine secretion - Correct Answer ✔✔ - cells excrete their substances by exocytosis by by by by by by by by by by by by by




Apocrine secretion - Correct Answer ✔✔ - a portion of the cell membrane that contains the excretion buds off by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




Holocene secretion - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the entire cell disintegrates to excrete its substance by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




Acid - Correct Answer ✔✔ - dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions, donates a proton
by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




Base - Correct Answer ✔✔ - dissociates into hydroxide ions and cations, removes a proton from solution
by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




pH - Correct Answer ✔✔ - a solution's acidity (low pH) or alkalinity (high pH)
by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




Epithelial tissue functions - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -selective barrier by by by by by by by by by by




-secretory surface by




-protective surface to resist abrasions by by by by




Epithelial tissue general location - Correct Answer ✔✔ - line exposed surfaces of body and make up glands by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




General features of epithelial tissue - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -cells arrange in sheets and densely packed, very little ECM
by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by




-many cell junctions by by




-all attach to a basement membrane
by by by by by




-avascular, but does have nerve supply by by by by by




-highly regenerative by




-polarity: apical and basal surfaces by by by by




Connective tissue functions - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -structural support by by by by by by by by by by




-transporting fluids and dissolved materials by by by by




-defense and protection of organs/organ system/organism by by by by by




-energy storage by




General appearance of connective tissue - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -fewer cells, lots of ECM by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by