Georgia Biology EOC ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Existing cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Where do all cells come from?
Carrying Capacity - CORRECT ANSWER - The maximum population of a particular
organism that a given environment can support without detrimental effects
Gamete - CORRECT ANSWER - a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg,
that unites with another cell to form a new organism.
Zygote - CORRECT ANSWER - the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it
undergoes cleavage.
Embryo - CORRECT ANSWER - the young of a viviparous animal, especially of a
mammal, in the early stages of development within the womb, in humans up to the end of the
second month
Punnett Square - CORRECT ANSWER - a type of grid used to show the gametes of each
parent and their possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a
genetic cross
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER - The expression of a specific trait based on genetic
and environmental influences.
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER - the genetic makeup of an organism or group of
organisms with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits.
Allele - CORRECT ANSWER - any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through
mutation, that are responsible for hereditary variation.
,Homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER - having identical pairs of genes for any given pair
of hereditary characteristics
Heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER - having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary
characteristic
Dominant Trait - CORRECT ANSWER - a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of
the parents contributes it
Recessive Trait - CORRECT ANSWER - a trait that mustt be contributed by both parents
in order to appear in the offspring
Nondisjunction - CORRECT ANSWER - the failure of chromosomes to separate and
segregate into daughter cells at division
Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - a sudden change different than the parent type in one
or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome
Genetic Engineering - CORRECT ANSWER - the development and application of
scientific methods, procedures, and technologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic
material in order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population
Recombinant DNA - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA in which one or more segments or
genes have been inserted, either naturally or by laboratory manipulation, from a different
molecule or from another part of the same molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination
Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER - The process by which mRNA is synthesized from
a DNA template resulting in the transfer of genetic information from the DNA molecule to
mRNA
Replication - CORRECT ANSWER - the process by which exact copies of complex
molecules, such as DNA molecules, that occurs during growth of living organisms
, Traslation - CORRECT ANSWER - The process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes
effect the production of a protein molecule from amino acids, the specificity of synthesis being
controlled by the base sequences of the mRNA
Ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWER - the interaction of a community of organisms with
their environment
Producer - CORRECT ANSWER - An autotrophic organism that serves as a source of
food for other organisms in a food chain. Producers include green plants, which produce food
through photosynthesis, and certain bacteria that are capable of converting inorganic substances
into food through chemosynthesis
Anterior - CORRECT ANSWER - The front surface of the body
Posterior - CORRECT ANSWER - Near the tail end of the body
Chemoautotroph - CORRECT ANSWER - an organism that depends on inorganic
chemicals for its energy and principally on carbon dioxide for its carbon
Dichotomous Key - CORRECT ANSWER - used to identify a plant or animal in which
each stage presents descriptions of two distinguishing characters, with a direction to another
stage in the key, until the species is identified
Binomial Nomenclature - CORRECT ANSWER - a system for naming plants and animals
by means of two Latin names: the first indicating the genus and the second the species to which
the organism belongs
Autotroph - CORRECT ANSWER - any organism capable of self-nourishment by using
inorganic materials as a source of nutrients and using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis as a
source of energy
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Existing cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Where do all cells come from?
Carrying Capacity - CORRECT ANSWER - The maximum population of a particular
organism that a given environment can support without detrimental effects
Gamete - CORRECT ANSWER - a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg,
that unites with another cell to form a new organism.
Zygote - CORRECT ANSWER - the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it
undergoes cleavage.
Embryo - CORRECT ANSWER - the young of a viviparous animal, especially of a
mammal, in the early stages of development within the womb, in humans up to the end of the
second month
Punnett Square - CORRECT ANSWER - a type of grid used to show the gametes of each
parent and their possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a
genetic cross
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER - The expression of a specific trait based on genetic
and environmental influences.
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER - the genetic makeup of an organism or group of
organisms with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits.
Allele - CORRECT ANSWER - any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through
mutation, that are responsible for hereditary variation.
,Homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER - having identical pairs of genes for any given pair
of hereditary characteristics
Heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER - having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary
characteristic
Dominant Trait - CORRECT ANSWER - a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of
the parents contributes it
Recessive Trait - CORRECT ANSWER - a trait that mustt be contributed by both parents
in order to appear in the offspring
Nondisjunction - CORRECT ANSWER - the failure of chromosomes to separate and
segregate into daughter cells at division
Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - a sudden change different than the parent type in one
or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome
Genetic Engineering - CORRECT ANSWER - the development and application of
scientific methods, procedures, and technologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic
material in order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population
Recombinant DNA - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA in which one or more segments or
genes have been inserted, either naturally or by laboratory manipulation, from a different
molecule or from another part of the same molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination
Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER - The process by which mRNA is synthesized from
a DNA template resulting in the transfer of genetic information from the DNA molecule to
mRNA
Replication - CORRECT ANSWER - the process by which exact copies of complex
molecules, such as DNA molecules, that occurs during growth of living organisms
, Traslation - CORRECT ANSWER - The process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes
effect the production of a protein molecule from amino acids, the specificity of synthesis being
controlled by the base sequences of the mRNA
Ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWER - the interaction of a community of organisms with
their environment
Producer - CORRECT ANSWER - An autotrophic organism that serves as a source of
food for other organisms in a food chain. Producers include green plants, which produce food
through photosynthesis, and certain bacteria that are capable of converting inorganic substances
into food through chemosynthesis
Anterior - CORRECT ANSWER - The front surface of the body
Posterior - CORRECT ANSWER - Near the tail end of the body
Chemoautotroph - CORRECT ANSWER - an organism that depends on inorganic
chemicals for its energy and principally on carbon dioxide for its carbon
Dichotomous Key - CORRECT ANSWER - used to identify a plant or animal in which
each stage presents descriptions of two distinguishing characters, with a direction to another
stage in the key, until the species is identified
Binomial Nomenclature - CORRECT ANSWER - a system for naming plants and animals
by means of two Latin names: the first indicating the genus and the second the species to which
the organism belongs
Autotroph - CORRECT ANSWER - any organism capable of self-nourishment by using
inorganic materials as a source of nutrients and using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis as a
source of energy
