Bio 253 Quiz 1 UPDATED Exam Questions
and CORRECT Answers
what is the primary function of the digestive system - CORRECT ANSWER - dismantling
and reassembling of food, production of enzymes and hormones, storage and synthesis of
vitamins, collection and elimination of wastes
what is the first layer of tissue called and made of in the GI tract - CORRECT ANSWER -
mucosa- epithelial tissue (simple columnar)
what is the second layer of tissue called and made of in the GI tract - CORRECT
ANSWER - submucosa-connective tissue
what is the third layer of tissue called and made of in the GI tract - CORRECT ANSWER -
circular muscular layers (longitudial and oblique)- muscle tissues
what is the fourth layer of tissue called and made of in the GI tract - CORRECT
ANSWER - paritoneum (visceral and parietal)- serosa
what is third spacing - CORRECT ANSWER - any fluid in the peritoneal cavity
what is a function of a healthy GI tract epithelial lining - CORRECT ANSWER - can resist
the effects of its own digestive secretions
what absorbs the fats/how do they get in - CORRECT ANSWER - lacteal
what are the three GI hormones - CORRECT ANSWER - CCK, secretin, gastrin
,what does CCK do - CORRECT ANSWER - comes from gall bladder, stimulates
contraction of the gall bladder stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes, slows gastric
emptying (bits of chyme released into duodenum at a time)
what does secretin do - CORRECT ANSWER - (S and M cells from small intestine secrete
this) stimulates secretion of bicarbonate-containing solution by pancreas and liver (stomach pH
is 2/very acidic, so bicarb neutralizes the chyme)
what does gastrin do - CORRECT ANSWER - stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCL
from parietal cells) and pepsinogen (chief cells) (not active, becomes pepsin), increases gastric
blood flow, stimulates gastric smooth muscle contraction, stimulates growth of the gastric, small
intestine, and colon mucosa, released when you see/smell food, comes from G cells
what does bile do - CORRECT ANSWER - emulsifies fats
what are the requirements for digestion - CORRECT ANSWER - hydrolysis, enzyme
cleavage, fat emulsification
what do parietal cells release - CORRECT ANSWER - gastric acid (HCL)
what do chief cells release - CORRECT ANSWER - pepsinogen
what does the liver do - CORRECT ANSWER - make bile
what does the gall bladder do - CORRECT ANSWER - store bile
what do brunner glands do - CORRECT ANSWER - produce mucous
how is the acid secretion stimulated - CORRECT ANSWER - hormones gastrin and
histamine and acetylcholine- parasympathetic NS/ rest and digest, vagus nerve here, stimulates
digestion
, why are NSAIDs bad for digestion - CORRECT ANSWER - they block prostaglandins
synthesis, which inhibit acid secretions and stimulate mucous production. This will cause bleeds
because there is less protective mucous and more acid
how do they -ozle meds work? (ex. omeprazole) - CORRECT ANSWER - proton pump
inhibitor- less protons available to make HCL= less gastric acid
what breaks down carbs - CORRECT ANSWER - amylase, sucrase-isomaltase, maltase,
lactase
what breaks down proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - pepsin, trypsin, peptidase
what breaks down fats - CORRECT ANSWER - lipase
what vitamins are in the gut microflora - CORRECT ANSWER - vitamin b12 and vitamin
k (for clotting!)
what are the 3 major functions of the gut microflora - CORRECT ANSWER - metabolic
activities that salvage energy and absorbable nutrients, growth effects on intestinal epithelial
cells, protection against invasion by pathogenic organisms
what is the function of the appendix - CORRECT ANSWER - houses gut flora
where does absorption happen specifically - CORRECT ANSWER - enterocyte of small
intestine
explain the process of absorption - CORRECT ANSWER - the process of moving
nutrients and other materials from the external environment of the GI tract into the internal
environment- either goes into blood or lacteal, tons of water is reabsorbed
and CORRECT Answers
what is the primary function of the digestive system - CORRECT ANSWER - dismantling
and reassembling of food, production of enzymes and hormones, storage and synthesis of
vitamins, collection and elimination of wastes
what is the first layer of tissue called and made of in the GI tract - CORRECT ANSWER -
mucosa- epithelial tissue (simple columnar)
what is the second layer of tissue called and made of in the GI tract - CORRECT
ANSWER - submucosa-connective tissue
what is the third layer of tissue called and made of in the GI tract - CORRECT ANSWER -
circular muscular layers (longitudial and oblique)- muscle tissues
what is the fourth layer of tissue called and made of in the GI tract - CORRECT
ANSWER - paritoneum (visceral and parietal)- serosa
what is third spacing - CORRECT ANSWER - any fluid in the peritoneal cavity
what is a function of a healthy GI tract epithelial lining - CORRECT ANSWER - can resist
the effects of its own digestive secretions
what absorbs the fats/how do they get in - CORRECT ANSWER - lacteal
what are the three GI hormones - CORRECT ANSWER - CCK, secretin, gastrin
,what does CCK do - CORRECT ANSWER - comes from gall bladder, stimulates
contraction of the gall bladder stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes, slows gastric
emptying (bits of chyme released into duodenum at a time)
what does secretin do - CORRECT ANSWER - (S and M cells from small intestine secrete
this) stimulates secretion of bicarbonate-containing solution by pancreas and liver (stomach pH
is 2/very acidic, so bicarb neutralizes the chyme)
what does gastrin do - CORRECT ANSWER - stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCL
from parietal cells) and pepsinogen (chief cells) (not active, becomes pepsin), increases gastric
blood flow, stimulates gastric smooth muscle contraction, stimulates growth of the gastric, small
intestine, and colon mucosa, released when you see/smell food, comes from G cells
what does bile do - CORRECT ANSWER - emulsifies fats
what are the requirements for digestion - CORRECT ANSWER - hydrolysis, enzyme
cleavage, fat emulsification
what do parietal cells release - CORRECT ANSWER - gastric acid (HCL)
what do chief cells release - CORRECT ANSWER - pepsinogen
what does the liver do - CORRECT ANSWER - make bile
what does the gall bladder do - CORRECT ANSWER - store bile
what do brunner glands do - CORRECT ANSWER - produce mucous
how is the acid secretion stimulated - CORRECT ANSWER - hormones gastrin and
histamine and acetylcholine- parasympathetic NS/ rest and digest, vagus nerve here, stimulates
digestion
, why are NSAIDs bad for digestion - CORRECT ANSWER - they block prostaglandins
synthesis, which inhibit acid secretions and stimulate mucous production. This will cause bleeds
because there is less protective mucous and more acid
how do they -ozle meds work? (ex. omeprazole) - CORRECT ANSWER - proton pump
inhibitor- less protons available to make HCL= less gastric acid
what breaks down carbs - CORRECT ANSWER - amylase, sucrase-isomaltase, maltase,
lactase
what breaks down proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - pepsin, trypsin, peptidase
what breaks down fats - CORRECT ANSWER - lipase
what vitamins are in the gut microflora - CORRECT ANSWER - vitamin b12 and vitamin
k (for clotting!)
what are the 3 major functions of the gut microflora - CORRECT ANSWER - metabolic
activities that salvage energy and absorbable nutrients, growth effects on intestinal epithelial
cells, protection against invasion by pathogenic organisms
what is the function of the appendix - CORRECT ANSWER - houses gut flora
where does absorption happen specifically - CORRECT ANSWER - enterocyte of small
intestine
explain the process of absorption - CORRECT ANSWER - the process of moving
nutrients and other materials from the external environment of the GI tract into the internal
environment- either goes into blood or lacteal, tons of water is reabsorbed
