Nursing Essentials 103: Chapter 1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The word "nursing" can be traced back to the Latin word: - ANSWER>>nutrire: "to nourish"
Factors that have changed nursing: - ANSWER>>How we care for the sick, the way people live, the
relationship of people with their environment, technological advances
An abnormal process in which aspects of the social, emotional, or intellectual condition or function of a
person is diminished or impaired is what? - ANSWER>>illness
During early civilization, illness was an indictor of how one stood with ___. It was understood as a direct
outcome of divine disfavor. - ANSWER>>God
Ancient practices: primitive people believed that a person become sick when a ____ spirit entered the
____ and the presence of a ____ spirit kept disease away. - ANSWER>>evil; body; good.
_______ men used witchcraft and rituals to induce the bad spirits to leave the body of the ailing person.
Some of their methods were pretty extreme, including frightening masks, vile odors, cupping, charms,
spells, even sacrifices. - ANSWER>>Medicine
Although others assisted the medicine men in treating illnesses, ___ were women. Women in healthcare
were mostly involved in helping other women during _________. - ANSWER>>few; childbirth
In the 19th century, hospitals were called __________. Back then, they were dirty, overcrowded, full of
patients. - ANSWER>>pesthouses
In 19th century pesthouses, there were ____ hygienic practices, the scope of care delivered was
_________. These factors resulted in high infection and mortality rates. Hospitals of this era were places
to contract diseases rather than be cured of them. - ANSWER>>poor; limited
As for pesthouse workers, women of "proper upbringing" did not work outside the home. ____ or
_________ ended up serving as nurses. - ANSWER>>Inmates or prostitutes
Under the guidance of Theodor Fieldner, a German pastor, established the first _______ of _______ in
mid-1800s. - ANSWER>>school of nursing
This new nursing school interested a young English woman named ________ _________. -
ANSWER>>Florence Nightingale
, Florence Nightingale is known as what? And why? - ANSWER>>Lady of the Lamp, because she carried a
lamp to light her way as she made rounds at night through the rows of the of the injured and sick.
Florence Nightingale is credited as the first what? - ANSWER>>Nursing theorist
Florence helped to shift the views of nursing education, established nursing school at Saint Thomas
Hospital in London, and promoted new standards of nursing. "Nightingale Plan" established. -
ANSWER>>
What influences did Florence Nightingale have on the hospital environment during the Crimean War? -
ANSWER>>Florence sent the secretary of war a letter offering her services, as she was so appalled by
how many wounded soldiers there were. This is when she began being more sanitary, empathetic
toward soldiers, etc. This experience is what eventually led to those big changes made in hospital
environments.
Discuss the "Nightingale Plan" as a model for nursing education. - ANSWER>>The nursing program
operated separately from the hospital. It was financially independent to ensure that the major emphasis
of its activity was placed squarely on the education of nursing students. Students had to pass strict
procedures for admission, and a residence was provided for them. The nurses' training lasted 1 year and
included formal instruction and practical experience. Complete records were kept on each student's
progress. This practice was known as the "Nightingale Plan," which became the model for nursing
education in the 20th century. After the students graduated, records were also kept on their places of
employment. The "register" that resulted was the beginning of a movement to exercise control over the
nursing graduate and to establish a standard for the practicing nurse.
Contributions to nursing, Dorothea Dix: - ANSWER>>Pioneer crusader for elevation of standards of care
for the mentally ill. Superintendent of Female Nurses of the Union Army.
Contributions to nursing, Clara Barton: - ANSWER>>Developed the American Red Cross in 1881.
Contributions to nursing, Mary Ann Ball: - ANSWER>>One of the greatest nurse heroines of the Civil
War. Championed the rights and comforts of the soldiers; organized diet kitchens, laundries, ambulance
service; and supervised the nursing staff
Contributions to nursing, Linda Richards: - ANSWER>>First trained nurse in America. Responsible for the
development of the first nursing and hospital records. Credited with the development of our present-
day documentation system.
Contributions to nursing, Isabel Hampton Robb: - ANSWER>>Organized the first graded system of theory
and practice in the schools of nursing. One of the founders of the American Journal of Nursing.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The word "nursing" can be traced back to the Latin word: - ANSWER>>nutrire: "to nourish"
Factors that have changed nursing: - ANSWER>>How we care for the sick, the way people live, the
relationship of people with their environment, technological advances
An abnormal process in which aspects of the social, emotional, or intellectual condition or function of a
person is diminished or impaired is what? - ANSWER>>illness
During early civilization, illness was an indictor of how one stood with ___. It was understood as a direct
outcome of divine disfavor. - ANSWER>>God
Ancient practices: primitive people believed that a person become sick when a ____ spirit entered the
____ and the presence of a ____ spirit kept disease away. - ANSWER>>evil; body; good.
_______ men used witchcraft and rituals to induce the bad spirits to leave the body of the ailing person.
Some of their methods were pretty extreme, including frightening masks, vile odors, cupping, charms,
spells, even sacrifices. - ANSWER>>Medicine
Although others assisted the medicine men in treating illnesses, ___ were women. Women in healthcare
were mostly involved in helping other women during _________. - ANSWER>>few; childbirth
In the 19th century, hospitals were called __________. Back then, they were dirty, overcrowded, full of
patients. - ANSWER>>pesthouses
In 19th century pesthouses, there were ____ hygienic practices, the scope of care delivered was
_________. These factors resulted in high infection and mortality rates. Hospitals of this era were places
to contract diseases rather than be cured of them. - ANSWER>>poor; limited
As for pesthouse workers, women of "proper upbringing" did not work outside the home. ____ or
_________ ended up serving as nurses. - ANSWER>>Inmates or prostitutes
Under the guidance of Theodor Fieldner, a German pastor, established the first _______ of _______ in
mid-1800s. - ANSWER>>school of nursing
This new nursing school interested a young English woman named ________ _________. -
ANSWER>>Florence Nightingale
, Florence Nightingale is known as what? And why? - ANSWER>>Lady of the Lamp, because she carried a
lamp to light her way as she made rounds at night through the rows of the of the injured and sick.
Florence Nightingale is credited as the first what? - ANSWER>>Nursing theorist
Florence helped to shift the views of nursing education, established nursing school at Saint Thomas
Hospital in London, and promoted new standards of nursing. "Nightingale Plan" established. -
ANSWER>>
What influences did Florence Nightingale have on the hospital environment during the Crimean War? -
ANSWER>>Florence sent the secretary of war a letter offering her services, as she was so appalled by
how many wounded soldiers there were. This is when she began being more sanitary, empathetic
toward soldiers, etc. This experience is what eventually led to those big changes made in hospital
environments.
Discuss the "Nightingale Plan" as a model for nursing education. - ANSWER>>The nursing program
operated separately from the hospital. It was financially independent to ensure that the major emphasis
of its activity was placed squarely on the education of nursing students. Students had to pass strict
procedures for admission, and a residence was provided for them. The nurses' training lasted 1 year and
included formal instruction and practical experience. Complete records were kept on each student's
progress. This practice was known as the "Nightingale Plan," which became the model for nursing
education in the 20th century. After the students graduated, records were also kept on their places of
employment. The "register" that resulted was the beginning of a movement to exercise control over the
nursing graduate and to establish a standard for the practicing nurse.
Contributions to nursing, Dorothea Dix: - ANSWER>>Pioneer crusader for elevation of standards of care
for the mentally ill. Superintendent of Female Nurses of the Union Army.
Contributions to nursing, Clara Barton: - ANSWER>>Developed the American Red Cross in 1881.
Contributions to nursing, Mary Ann Ball: - ANSWER>>One of the greatest nurse heroines of the Civil
War. Championed the rights and comforts of the soldiers; organized diet kitchens, laundries, ambulance
service; and supervised the nursing staff
Contributions to nursing, Linda Richards: - ANSWER>>First trained nurse in America. Responsible for the
development of the first nursing and hospital records. Credited with the development of our present-
day documentation system.
Contributions to nursing, Isabel Hampton Robb: - ANSWER>>Organized the first graded system of theory
and practice in the schools of nursing. One of the founders of the American Journal of Nursing.
