Individuals 2024 Edition, 15th Edition
By Brian Spilker, Benjamin Ayers, All Chapters 1 - 14
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
E E E
PartEI:EIntroductionEtoETaxation
ChapterE1:EAnEIntroductionEtoETax
ChapterE2:ETaxECompliance,EtheEIRS,EandETaxEAuthorities
ChapterE3:ETaxEPlanningEStrategiesEandERelatedELimitations
PartEII:EBasicEIndividualETaxation
ChapterE4:EIndividualEIncomeETaxEOverview,EDependents,EandEFilingEStatus
ChapterE5:EGrossEIncomeEandEExclusions
ChapterE6:EIndividualEDeductions
ChapterE7:EInvestments
ChapterE8:EIndividualEIncomeETaxEComputationEandETaxECredits
PartEIII:EBusiness-RelatedETransactions
ChapterE9:EBusinessEIncome,EDeductions,EandEAccountingEMethods
ChapterE10:EPropertyEAcquisitionEandECostERecovery
ChapterE11:EPropertyEDispositions
PartEIV:ESpecializedETopics
ChapterE12:ECompensation
ChapterE13:ERetirementESavingsEandEDeferredECompensation
ChapterE14:ETaxEConsequencesEofEHomeEOwnership
,ChapterE1
AnEIntroductionEtoETax
DiscussionEQuestions
(1) [LOE1]EJessica’sEfriendEZacharyEonceEstatedEthatEheEcouldn’tEunderstandEwhy
someoneEwouldEtakeEaEtaxEcourse.EWhyEisEthisEaEratherEnaïveEview?
TaxesEareEaEpartEofEeverydayElifeEandEhaveEaEfinancialEeffectEonEmanyEofEtheEmajorE personalEdecisionsEt
hatEindividualsEfaceE(e.g.,EinvestmentEdecisions,EevaluatingE alternativeEjobEoffers,EsavingEforEeducation
Eexpenses,EgiftEorEestateEplanning,Eetc.).
(2) [LOE1]EWhatEareEsomeEaspectsEofEbusinessEthatErequireEknowledgeEofEtaxation?E WhatEa
reEsomeEaspectsEofEpersonalEfinanceEthatErequireEknowledgeEofEtaxation?
TaxesEplayEanEimportantEroleEinEfundamentalEbusinessEdecisionsEsuchEasEtheE following:
WhatEorganizationalEformEshouldEaEbusinessEuse?
WhereEshouldEtheEbusinessElocate?
HowEshouldEbusinessEacquisitionsEbeEstructured?
HowEshouldEtheEbusinessEcompensateEemployees?
WhatEisEtheEappropriateEmixEofEdebtEandEequityEforEtheEbusiness?
ShouldEtheEbusinessErentEorEownEitsEequipmentEandEproperty?
HowEshouldEtheEbusinessEdistributeEprofitsEtoEitsEowners?
OneEmustEconsiderEallEtransactionEcostsE(includingEtaxes)EtoEevaluateEtheEmeritsEofE aEtransaction.
CommonEpersonalEfinancialEdecisionsEthatEtaxesEinfluenceEinclude:EchoosingE investments,EretirementEpl
anning,EchoosingEtoErentEorEbuyEaEhome,EevaluatingE alternativeEjobEoffers,EsavingEforEeducationEexpens
es,EandEdoingEgiftEorEestateE planning.
(3) [LOE1]EDescribeEsomeEwaysEinEwhichEtaxesEaffectEtheEpoliticalEprocessEinEtheE United
EStates.
U.S.EpresidentialEcandidatesEoftenEdistinguishEthemselvesEfromEtheirEopponents
, basedEuponEtheirEtaxErhetoric.ELikewise,EtheEmajorEpoliticalEpartiesEgenerallyEhaveE veryEdiverseEviewsEof
EtheEappropriateEwayEtoEtaxEtheEpublic.EDeterminingEwhoEisE taxed,EwhatEisEtaxed,EandEhowEmuchEisEtax
edEareEdifficultEquestions.EVotersEmustE haveEaEbasicEunderstandingEofEtaxesEtoEevaluateEtheEmeritsEofEalt
ernativeEtaxE proposalsEofferedEbyEopposingEpoliticalEcandidatesEandEtheirEpoliticalEparties.
(4) [LOE2]ECourtneyErecentlyEreceivedEaEspeedingEticketEonEherEwayEtoEtheEuniversity.E HerEfi
neEwasE$200.EIsEthisEconsideredEaEtax?EWhyEorEwhyEnot?
TheE$200EspeedingEticketEisEnotEconsideredEaEtax.EInstead,EitEisEconsideredEaEfineE orEpenalty.ETaxesE
differEfromEfinesEandEpenaltiesEbecauseEtaxesEareEnotEintendedE toEpunishEorEpreventEillegalEbehavior.
(5) [LOE2]EMarlonEandELatoyaErecentlyEstartedEbuildingEaEhouse.ETheyEhadEtoEpay
$300EtoEtheEcountyEgovernmentEforEaEbuildingEpermit.EIsEtheE$300EpaymentEaEtax?E WhyEor
EwhyEnot?
TheEbuildingEpermitEisEnotEconsideredEaEtaxEbecauseE$300EpaymentEisEdirectlyE linkedEtoEaEbenefitEthatEt
heyEreceivedE(i.e.,EtheEabilityEtoEbuildEaEhouse).
(6) [LOE2]EToEhelpEpayEforEtheEcity’sEnewEstadium,EtheEcityEofEBirminghamErecentlyE enacte
dEaE1EpercentEsurchargeEonEhotelErooms.EIsEthisEaEtax?EWhyEorEwhyEnot?
TheE1EpercentEsurchargeEisEaEtax.ETheE1EpercentEsurchargeEisEanEearmarkedEtaxE–
E i.e.,EcollectedEforEaEspecificEpurpose.ETheEsurchargeEisEconsideredEaEtaxEbecauseE theEtaxEpaymentsEmade
EbyEtaxpayersEdoEnotEdirectlyErelateEtoEtheEspecificEbenefitE receivedEbyEtheEtaxpayers.
(7) [LOE2]EAsEnotedEinEExampleE1-
2,Etolls,EparkingEmeterEfees,EandEannualElicensingE feesEareEnotEconsideredEtaxes.ECanEyo
uEidentifyEotherEfeesEthatEareEsimilar?
ThereEareEseveralEpossibleEanswersEtoEthisEquestion.ESomeEcommonEexamplesE includeEentranceEfeesEtoEn
ationalEparks,EtagEfeesEpaidEtoElocal/stateEgovernmentE forEautomobiles,Eboats,Eetc.
(8) [LOE2]EIfEtheEgeneralEobjectiveEofEourEtaxEsystemEisEtoEraiseErevenue,EwhyEdoesEtheE incom
eEtaxEallowEdeductionsEforEcharitableEcontributionsEandEretirementEplanE contributions?
InEadditionEtoEtheEgeneralEobjectiveEofEraisingErevenue,ECongressEusesEtheEfederalE taxEsystemEtoEencoura
geEcertainEbehaviorEandEdiscourageEotherEbehavior.ETheE charitableEcontributionEdeductionEisEintendedEt
oEencourageEtaxpayersEtoEsupportE theEinitiativesEofEcharitableEorganizations,EwhereasEdeductionsEforEre
tirementE contributionsEareEintendedEtoEencourageEretirementEsavings.EAnotherEobjectiveEofE theEtaxEsyst
emEisEtoEredistributeEwealth.