Bontrager anatomy midterm review
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
How many bones are in the human body? - CORRECT ANSWER - 206
Axial skeleton - CORRECT ANSWER - All the bones that lie on or near the central axis of
the body (80 bones)
Appendicular skeleton - CORRECT ANSWER - All bones of extremities, and shoulder
and pelvic girdles (126 bones)
Midsagittal plane - CORRECT ANSWER - Median plane; divides body into equal right
and left parts
Coronal plane - CORRECT ANSWER - Longitudinal plane that divides the body into
anterior and posterior parts
Midcoronal plane - CORRECT ANSWER - Divides body into equal anterior or posterior
parts
Horizontal (axial) plane - CORRECT ANSWER - Transverse plane that passes through the
body at right angles to a longitudinal plane, dividing the body into superior and inferior portions
Oblique plane - CORRECT ANSWER - A longitudinal or transverse plane that is at an
angle or slant and is NOT PARALLEL to the Sagittal, coronal, or horizontal plane
Longitudinal sections -Sagittal, coronal, and oblique - CORRECT ANSWER - These
sections or images run lengthwise in the direction of the long axis of the body or any of its parts,
regardless of the position of the body
,Transverse or axial sections (cross-sections) - CORRECT ANSWER - At right angles
along any point of the longitudinal axis of the body or it's parts
Valgus - CORRECT ANSWER - Describes the bending of the part outward or away from
the midline of the body (sometimes used to describe eversion stress of the ankle joint)
Varus - CORRECT ANSWER - Meaning "knock-kneed," describes the bending of a part
inward or toward the midline (sometimes used to describe inversion stress applied at the ankle
joint)
Medial (internal) rotation - CORRECT ANSWER - A rotation or turning of a body part
with movement of the anterior aspect of the part toward the inside, or median, plane
Lateral (external) rotation - CORRECT ANSWER - A rotation of an anterior body part
toward the outside, or away from the median plane
Abduction - CORRECT ANSWER - The lateral movement of the arm or leg away from
the body (spreading fingers or toes apart)
Adduction - CORRECT ANSWER - A movement of arm or leg toward the body, to draw
toward a center or medial line (moving fingers or toes together or toward each other)
Supination - CORRECT ANSWER - A rotational movement of the hand into the anatomic
position (palm up in supine position or forward in erect position). This movement rotates the
radius of the forearm laterally along its long axis
Pronation - CORRECT ANSWER - A rotation of the hand into the opposite of the
anatomic position (palm down or back)
,Protraction - CORRECT ANSWER - A movement forward from a normal position
(moving the jaw forward, or drawing the shoulders forward)
Retraction - CORRECT ANSWER - A movement backward or the condition of being
drawn back (moving the jaw backward or squaring the shoulders)
Elevation - CORRECT ANSWER - A lifting, raising, or moving of a part superiorly
(raising shoulders)
Depression - CORRECT ANSWER - A letting down, lowering, or moving of a part
inferiorly (lowering shoulders)
Circumduction - CORRECT ANSWER - To move around in the form of a circle
Rotation - CORRECT ANSWER - To turn or rotate a body part on its axis
Tilt - CORRECT ANSWER - A slanting or tilting movement with respect to the long axis
Parts of a radiographic criteria - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) structures shown 2) position 3)
collimation and CR 4) exposure criteria 5) image markers
Structures shown (radiographic criteria format) - CORRECT ANSWER - Describes
precisely what anatomic parts and structures should be clearly visualized on that image
(radiograph)
Position (radiographic criteria format) - CORRECT ANSWER - Generally describes two
things (1) placement of body part in relationship to the IR and (2) positioning factors that are
important for the projection
, Collimation and CR (radiographic criteria format) - CORRECT ANSWER - Describes two
factors: (1) how the collimation borders should be seen in relation to the body part and (2)
location of the central ray and center of collimation
Exposure criteria (radiographic criteria format) - CORRECT ANSWER - Describes how
exposure factors or technique can be evaluated for optimum exposure for that body part. No
motion is a first priority, and a description of how the presence or absence of motion can be
determined is listed
Image markers (radiographic criteria format) - CORRECT ANSWER - Patient side
markers, R or L, and/or patient position or time markers MUST be placed correctly so that they
are not superimposed over essential anatomy
Patient ID and anatomic side marker - CORRECT ANSWER - The two markers that
MUST be placed correctly on all radiographic images
Basic (routine) projections - CORRECT ANSWER - Those projections commonly taken
on all average patients who can cooperate fully
Special (alternate) projections - CORRECT ANSWER - Those projections most
commonly taken to better demonstrate specific anatomic parts or certain pathologic conditions,
or those that may be necessary for patients who cannot cooperate fully
Palpation - CORRECT ANSWER - The process of applying light pressure with the
fingertips directly on the patient to locate positioning landmarks
Viewing radiographic images - common practice - CORRECT ANSWER - Display them
so that the patient is facing the viewer, with the patient in the anatomic position. This always
places the patient's left to the viewers right. This is true for either AP or PA projections
Viewing CT or MRI images - common practice - CORRECT ANSWER - Images are
placed so the patient's right is to the viewer's left
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
How many bones are in the human body? - CORRECT ANSWER - 206
Axial skeleton - CORRECT ANSWER - All the bones that lie on or near the central axis of
the body (80 bones)
Appendicular skeleton - CORRECT ANSWER - All bones of extremities, and shoulder
and pelvic girdles (126 bones)
Midsagittal plane - CORRECT ANSWER - Median plane; divides body into equal right
and left parts
Coronal plane - CORRECT ANSWER - Longitudinal plane that divides the body into
anterior and posterior parts
Midcoronal plane - CORRECT ANSWER - Divides body into equal anterior or posterior
parts
Horizontal (axial) plane - CORRECT ANSWER - Transverse plane that passes through the
body at right angles to a longitudinal plane, dividing the body into superior and inferior portions
Oblique plane - CORRECT ANSWER - A longitudinal or transverse plane that is at an
angle or slant and is NOT PARALLEL to the Sagittal, coronal, or horizontal plane
Longitudinal sections -Sagittal, coronal, and oblique - CORRECT ANSWER - These
sections or images run lengthwise in the direction of the long axis of the body or any of its parts,
regardless of the position of the body
,Transverse or axial sections (cross-sections) - CORRECT ANSWER - At right angles
along any point of the longitudinal axis of the body or it's parts
Valgus - CORRECT ANSWER - Describes the bending of the part outward or away from
the midline of the body (sometimes used to describe eversion stress of the ankle joint)
Varus - CORRECT ANSWER - Meaning "knock-kneed," describes the bending of a part
inward or toward the midline (sometimes used to describe inversion stress applied at the ankle
joint)
Medial (internal) rotation - CORRECT ANSWER - A rotation or turning of a body part
with movement of the anterior aspect of the part toward the inside, or median, plane
Lateral (external) rotation - CORRECT ANSWER - A rotation of an anterior body part
toward the outside, or away from the median plane
Abduction - CORRECT ANSWER - The lateral movement of the arm or leg away from
the body (spreading fingers or toes apart)
Adduction - CORRECT ANSWER - A movement of arm or leg toward the body, to draw
toward a center or medial line (moving fingers or toes together or toward each other)
Supination - CORRECT ANSWER - A rotational movement of the hand into the anatomic
position (palm up in supine position or forward in erect position). This movement rotates the
radius of the forearm laterally along its long axis
Pronation - CORRECT ANSWER - A rotation of the hand into the opposite of the
anatomic position (palm down or back)
,Protraction - CORRECT ANSWER - A movement forward from a normal position
(moving the jaw forward, or drawing the shoulders forward)
Retraction - CORRECT ANSWER - A movement backward or the condition of being
drawn back (moving the jaw backward or squaring the shoulders)
Elevation - CORRECT ANSWER - A lifting, raising, or moving of a part superiorly
(raising shoulders)
Depression - CORRECT ANSWER - A letting down, lowering, or moving of a part
inferiorly (lowering shoulders)
Circumduction - CORRECT ANSWER - To move around in the form of a circle
Rotation - CORRECT ANSWER - To turn or rotate a body part on its axis
Tilt - CORRECT ANSWER - A slanting or tilting movement with respect to the long axis
Parts of a radiographic criteria - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) structures shown 2) position 3)
collimation and CR 4) exposure criteria 5) image markers
Structures shown (radiographic criteria format) - CORRECT ANSWER - Describes
precisely what anatomic parts and structures should be clearly visualized on that image
(radiograph)
Position (radiographic criteria format) - CORRECT ANSWER - Generally describes two
things (1) placement of body part in relationship to the IR and (2) positioning factors that are
important for the projection
, Collimation and CR (radiographic criteria format) - CORRECT ANSWER - Describes two
factors: (1) how the collimation borders should be seen in relation to the body part and (2)
location of the central ray and center of collimation
Exposure criteria (radiographic criteria format) - CORRECT ANSWER - Describes how
exposure factors or technique can be evaluated for optimum exposure for that body part. No
motion is a first priority, and a description of how the presence or absence of motion can be
determined is listed
Image markers (radiographic criteria format) - CORRECT ANSWER - Patient side
markers, R or L, and/or patient position or time markers MUST be placed correctly so that they
are not superimposed over essential anatomy
Patient ID and anatomic side marker - CORRECT ANSWER - The two markers that
MUST be placed correctly on all radiographic images
Basic (routine) projections - CORRECT ANSWER - Those projections commonly taken
on all average patients who can cooperate fully
Special (alternate) projections - CORRECT ANSWER - Those projections most
commonly taken to better demonstrate specific anatomic parts or certain pathologic conditions,
or those that may be necessary for patients who cannot cooperate fully
Palpation - CORRECT ANSWER - The process of applying light pressure with the
fingertips directly on the patient to locate positioning landmarks
Viewing radiographic images - common practice - CORRECT ANSWER - Display them
so that the patient is facing the viewer, with the patient in the anatomic position. This always
places the patient's left to the viewers right. This is true for either AP or PA projections
Viewing CT or MRI images - common practice - CORRECT ANSWER - Images are
placed so the patient's right is to the viewer's left
