biol 227 Exam Study Guide 2 with Complete
Answers
cell theory
scientific theory describes properties of cells
3 tenets
composed of 1 or more cells, cell is basic unit of life, only arise from preexisting cells
prokaryotes
Cells that do not contain nuclei
eukaryotes
organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
cells
studied through cytology
microscopy
used to view small-scale structures
light microscope
produces a two D image
electron microscope
uses a beam of electrons to illuminate specimen
transmission electron microscope
directs an electron beam through a thin-cut section of the specimen
scanning electron microscope
, directs an electron beam across the surface of a specimen
features and functions of cells
maintain integrity and shape, obtain nutrients and from chemical building blocks, dispose of
waste, cell division
plasma membrane (structural)
forms outer limiting barrier, contents. internal contents from external contents
nucleus (structural)
largest structure in the cell, contains DNA
cytoplasm (structural)
cellular contents between plasma membrane and nucleus
cytosol (cytoplasmic)
fluid portion of cytoplasm
organelles
the membrane-bound compartments
membrane bound organelles
ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria
nonmembrane bound organelles
ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrosome, proteasomes
inclusions (not organelles) - melanin, glycogen and triglycerides
includes cytosol, organelles and inclusions
structure of plasma membrane
a fluid membrane, regulates movement of substances in and out of cell, small and nonpolar
substances able to seperate without assistance
Answers
cell theory
scientific theory describes properties of cells
3 tenets
composed of 1 or more cells, cell is basic unit of life, only arise from preexisting cells
prokaryotes
Cells that do not contain nuclei
eukaryotes
organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
cells
studied through cytology
microscopy
used to view small-scale structures
light microscope
produces a two D image
electron microscope
uses a beam of electrons to illuminate specimen
transmission electron microscope
directs an electron beam through a thin-cut section of the specimen
scanning electron microscope
, directs an electron beam across the surface of a specimen
features and functions of cells
maintain integrity and shape, obtain nutrients and from chemical building blocks, dispose of
waste, cell division
plasma membrane (structural)
forms outer limiting barrier, contents. internal contents from external contents
nucleus (structural)
largest structure in the cell, contains DNA
cytoplasm (structural)
cellular contents between plasma membrane and nucleus
cytosol (cytoplasmic)
fluid portion of cytoplasm
organelles
the membrane-bound compartments
membrane bound organelles
ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria
nonmembrane bound organelles
ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrosome, proteasomes
inclusions (not organelles) - melanin, glycogen and triglycerides
includes cytosol, organelles and inclusions
structure of plasma membrane
a fluid membrane, regulates movement of substances in and out of cell, small and nonpolar
substances able to seperate without assistance
