Peds Exam 1
3-5 words besides dada and mama - ANS 12 months
\A 16-year-old is admitted to the hospital for acute appendicitis, and an appendectomy is
performed. Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate to facilitate
normal growth and development?
A) Allow the family to bring in the child's favorite computer games
B) Encourage the parents to room-in with the child
C) Encourage the child to rest and read
D) Allow the child to participate in activities with other individuals in the same age group
when the condition permits - ANS D. Adolescents often are not sure whether they want
their parents with them when they are hospitalized. Because of the importance of the
peer group, separation from friends is a source of anxiety. Ideally, the members of the
peer group will support their ill friend. Options a, b, and c isolate the child from the peer
group.
\A 17-month-old child would be expected to be in what stage according to Piaget?
a. Trust
b. Preoperations
c. Secondary circular reaction
d. Tertiary circular reaction - ANS ANS: D
The 17-month-old is in the fifth stage of the sensorimotor phase: tertiary circular
reactions. The child uses active experimentation to achieve previously unattainable
goals. Trust is Erikson's first stage. Preoperations is the stage of cognitive development
usually present in older toddlers and preschoolers. Secondary circular reactions last
from about ages 4 to 8 months.
\A 3-month-old infant, born at 38 weeks of gestation, will hold a rattle if it is put in her
hands, but she will not voluntarily grasp it. The nurse should interpret this as:
a. Normal development.
b. Significant developmental lag.
c. Slightly delayed development caused by prematurity.
d. Suggestive of a neurologic disorder such as cerebral palsy. - ANS ANS: A
This indicates normal development. Reflexive grasping occurs during the first 2 to 3
months and then gradually becomes voluntary. No evidence of neurologic dysfunction is
present.
\A 4-year-old boy is hospitalized with a serious bacterial infection. He tells the nurse that
he is sick because he was "bad." The nurse's best interpretation of this comment is that
it is:
a. A sign of stress.
b. Common at this age.
c. Suggestive of maladaptation.
d. Suggestive of excessive discipline at home. - ANS ANS: B
,Preschoolers cannot understand the cause and effect of illness. Their egocentrism
makes them think that they are directly responsible for events, making them feel guilt for
things outside of their control. Children of this age show stress by regressing
developmentally or acting out. Maladaptation is unlikely. This comment does not imply
excessive discipline at home.
\A clinic nurse assesses the communication patterns of a 5-month-old infant. The nurse
determines that the infant is demonstrating the highest level of developmental
achievement expected if the infant:
A) Uses simple words such as "mama"
B) Uses monosyllabic babbling
C) Links syllables together
D) Coos when comforted - ANS B. Using monosyllabic babbling occurs between 3 and 6
months of age. Using simple words such as "mama" occurs between 9 and 12 months.
Linking syllables together when communicating occurs between 6 and 9 months. Cooing
begins at birth and continues until 2 months.
\A group of boys ages 9 and 10 years have formed a "boys-only" club that is open to
neighborhood and school friends who have skateboards. This should be interpreted:
a. Behavior that encourages bullying and
sexism.
b. Behavior that reinforces poor peer
relationships.
c. Characteristic of social development of this
age.
d. Characteristic of children who later are at
risk for membership in gangs. - ANS ANS: C
One of the outstanding characteristics of middle childhood is the creation of formalized
groups or clubs. Peer-group identification and association are essential to a child's
socialization. Poor relationships with peers and a lack of group identification can
contribute to bullying. A boys-only club does not have a direct correlation with later gang
activity.
\A maternity nurse is providing instruction to a new mother regarding the psychosocial
development of the newborn infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory,
the nurse would instruct the mother to:
A) Allow the newborn infant to signal a need
B) Anticipate all of the needs of the newborn infant
C) Avoid the newborn infant during the first 10 minutes of crying
D) Attend to the newborn infant immediately when crying - ANS A) Allow the newborn
infant to signal a need. Trust vs Mistrust stage-This will allow the infant opportunity to
gain trust.
\A mother calls the pediatrician's office because her infant is "colicky." The helpful
measure the nurse would suggest to the parent is to:
a. sing songs to the infant in a soft voice.
b. place the infant in a well-lit room.
c. walk around and massage the infant's back.
, d. rock the fussy infant slowly and gently. - ANS ANS: D
One technique the nurse can offer parents of a fussy infant is to rock the infant gently
and slowly while being careful to avoid sudden movements.
\A mother of a 3-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is rebelling constantly and
having temper tantrums. The nurse most appropriately tells the mother to:
A) Punish the child every time the child says "no", to change the behavior
B) Allow the behavior because this is normal at this age period
C) Set limits on the child's behavior
D) Ignore the child when this behavior occurs - ANS C) Set limits on the child's
behavior-According to Erikson, the child focuses on independence between ages 1 and 3
years. Gaining independence often means that the child has to rebel against the parents'
wishes. Saying things like "no" or "mine" and having temper tantrums are common
during this period of development. Being consistent and setting limits on the child's
behavior are the necessary elements.
\A nurse is evaluating the developmental level of a 2-year-old. Which of the following
does the nurse expect to observe in this child?
A) Uses a fork to eat
B) Uses a cup to drink
C) Uses a knife for cutting food
D) Pours own milk into a cup - ANS B. By age 2 years, the child can use a cup and can
use a spoon correctly but with some spilling. By ages 3 to 4, the child begins to use a
fork. By the end of the preschool period, the child should be able to pour milk into a cup
and begin to use a knife for cutting.
\A nurse is preparing to care for a 5-year-old who has been placed in traction following a
fracture of the femur. The nurse plans care, knowing that which of the following is the
most appropriate activity for this child?
A) Large picture books
B) A radio
C) Crayons and coloring book
D) A sports video - ANS C. In the preschooler, play is simple and imaginative and
includes activities such as crayons and coloring books, puppets, felt and magnetic
boards, and Play-Doh. Large picture books are most appropriate for the infant. A radio
and a sports video are most appropriate for the adolescent.
\A parent brings a 6-month-old infant to the pediatric clinic for her well-baby examination.
Her birth weight was 8 pounds, 2 ounces. The nurse weighing the infant today would
expect her weight to be at least _____ pounds.
a. 12
b. 16
c. 20
d. 24 - ANS ANS: B
Birth weight is usually doubled by 6 months of age.
\A parent of an 18-month-old boy tells the nurse that he says "no" to everything and has
rapid mood swings. If he is scolded, he shows anger and then immediately wants to be
held. The nurse's best interpretation of this behavior is that:
3-5 words besides dada and mama - ANS 12 months
\A 16-year-old is admitted to the hospital for acute appendicitis, and an appendectomy is
performed. Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate to facilitate
normal growth and development?
A) Allow the family to bring in the child's favorite computer games
B) Encourage the parents to room-in with the child
C) Encourage the child to rest and read
D) Allow the child to participate in activities with other individuals in the same age group
when the condition permits - ANS D. Adolescents often are not sure whether they want
their parents with them when they are hospitalized. Because of the importance of the
peer group, separation from friends is a source of anxiety. Ideally, the members of the
peer group will support their ill friend. Options a, b, and c isolate the child from the peer
group.
\A 17-month-old child would be expected to be in what stage according to Piaget?
a. Trust
b. Preoperations
c. Secondary circular reaction
d. Tertiary circular reaction - ANS ANS: D
The 17-month-old is in the fifth stage of the sensorimotor phase: tertiary circular
reactions. The child uses active experimentation to achieve previously unattainable
goals. Trust is Erikson's first stage. Preoperations is the stage of cognitive development
usually present in older toddlers and preschoolers. Secondary circular reactions last
from about ages 4 to 8 months.
\A 3-month-old infant, born at 38 weeks of gestation, will hold a rattle if it is put in her
hands, but she will not voluntarily grasp it. The nurse should interpret this as:
a. Normal development.
b. Significant developmental lag.
c. Slightly delayed development caused by prematurity.
d. Suggestive of a neurologic disorder such as cerebral palsy. - ANS ANS: A
This indicates normal development. Reflexive grasping occurs during the first 2 to 3
months and then gradually becomes voluntary. No evidence of neurologic dysfunction is
present.
\A 4-year-old boy is hospitalized with a serious bacterial infection. He tells the nurse that
he is sick because he was "bad." The nurse's best interpretation of this comment is that
it is:
a. A sign of stress.
b. Common at this age.
c. Suggestive of maladaptation.
d. Suggestive of excessive discipline at home. - ANS ANS: B
,Preschoolers cannot understand the cause and effect of illness. Their egocentrism
makes them think that they are directly responsible for events, making them feel guilt for
things outside of their control. Children of this age show stress by regressing
developmentally or acting out. Maladaptation is unlikely. This comment does not imply
excessive discipline at home.
\A clinic nurse assesses the communication patterns of a 5-month-old infant. The nurse
determines that the infant is demonstrating the highest level of developmental
achievement expected if the infant:
A) Uses simple words such as "mama"
B) Uses monosyllabic babbling
C) Links syllables together
D) Coos when comforted - ANS B. Using monosyllabic babbling occurs between 3 and 6
months of age. Using simple words such as "mama" occurs between 9 and 12 months.
Linking syllables together when communicating occurs between 6 and 9 months. Cooing
begins at birth and continues until 2 months.
\A group of boys ages 9 and 10 years have formed a "boys-only" club that is open to
neighborhood and school friends who have skateboards. This should be interpreted:
a. Behavior that encourages bullying and
sexism.
b. Behavior that reinforces poor peer
relationships.
c. Characteristic of social development of this
age.
d. Characteristic of children who later are at
risk for membership in gangs. - ANS ANS: C
One of the outstanding characteristics of middle childhood is the creation of formalized
groups or clubs. Peer-group identification and association are essential to a child's
socialization. Poor relationships with peers and a lack of group identification can
contribute to bullying. A boys-only club does not have a direct correlation with later gang
activity.
\A maternity nurse is providing instruction to a new mother regarding the psychosocial
development of the newborn infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory,
the nurse would instruct the mother to:
A) Allow the newborn infant to signal a need
B) Anticipate all of the needs of the newborn infant
C) Avoid the newborn infant during the first 10 minutes of crying
D) Attend to the newborn infant immediately when crying - ANS A) Allow the newborn
infant to signal a need. Trust vs Mistrust stage-This will allow the infant opportunity to
gain trust.
\A mother calls the pediatrician's office because her infant is "colicky." The helpful
measure the nurse would suggest to the parent is to:
a. sing songs to the infant in a soft voice.
b. place the infant in a well-lit room.
c. walk around and massage the infant's back.
, d. rock the fussy infant slowly and gently. - ANS ANS: D
One technique the nurse can offer parents of a fussy infant is to rock the infant gently
and slowly while being careful to avoid sudden movements.
\A mother of a 3-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is rebelling constantly and
having temper tantrums. The nurse most appropriately tells the mother to:
A) Punish the child every time the child says "no", to change the behavior
B) Allow the behavior because this is normal at this age period
C) Set limits on the child's behavior
D) Ignore the child when this behavior occurs - ANS C) Set limits on the child's
behavior-According to Erikson, the child focuses on independence between ages 1 and 3
years. Gaining independence often means that the child has to rebel against the parents'
wishes. Saying things like "no" or "mine" and having temper tantrums are common
during this period of development. Being consistent and setting limits on the child's
behavior are the necessary elements.
\A nurse is evaluating the developmental level of a 2-year-old. Which of the following
does the nurse expect to observe in this child?
A) Uses a fork to eat
B) Uses a cup to drink
C) Uses a knife for cutting food
D) Pours own milk into a cup - ANS B. By age 2 years, the child can use a cup and can
use a spoon correctly but with some spilling. By ages 3 to 4, the child begins to use a
fork. By the end of the preschool period, the child should be able to pour milk into a cup
and begin to use a knife for cutting.
\A nurse is preparing to care for a 5-year-old who has been placed in traction following a
fracture of the femur. The nurse plans care, knowing that which of the following is the
most appropriate activity for this child?
A) Large picture books
B) A radio
C) Crayons and coloring book
D) A sports video - ANS C. In the preschooler, play is simple and imaginative and
includes activities such as crayons and coloring books, puppets, felt and magnetic
boards, and Play-Doh. Large picture books are most appropriate for the infant. A radio
and a sports video are most appropriate for the adolescent.
\A parent brings a 6-month-old infant to the pediatric clinic for her well-baby examination.
Her birth weight was 8 pounds, 2 ounces. The nurse weighing the infant today would
expect her weight to be at least _____ pounds.
a. 12
b. 16
c. 20
d. 24 - ANS ANS: B
Birth weight is usually doubled by 6 months of age.
\A parent of an 18-month-old boy tells the nurse that he says "no" to everything and has
rapid mood swings. If he is scolded, he shows anger and then immediately wants to be
held. The nurse's best interpretation of this behavior is that:
