CFRN EXAM - Questions With Actual Answers (Rated A+)
Boyle's law Right Ans - P1V1=P2V2
As pressure decreases (altitude increases) volume goes up
Pneumos get worse
ETT Cuffs could rupture
Glass bottles could shatter
Dalton's Law Right Ans - Ptotal=p1+p2+p3 @ constant pressure
As altitude increases, pressure decreases, more Fio2 concentration is needed
Charles' Law Right Ans - V1/T1=V2/T2
Hot air is less dense than cold air
Less lift is attainable in the summer, so less crew can be present
Gay-Lussac's Law Right Ans - P1/T1=P2/T2
As altitude increases and pressure drops, temperature drops
Crew and patients need more warmth and O2 tanks will have less PSI at
altitude
Henry's Law Right Ans - Gas solubility increases as pressure increases
Decompression sickness occurs when a diver surface too fast and nitrogen
desaturates quickly
Graham's Law Right Ans - Low molecular weight molecules diffuse quicker
High solubility gases stay in liquid longer
Fick's law Right Ans - diffusion of oxygen is directly proportional to
pressure and surface area and inversely proportional to thickness of
membrane
Adding peep and fio2 aid in oxygenation
Hypoxia Right Ans - oxygen deficiency in the tissues
Hypoxemia Right Ans - decrease in arterial blood oxygen tension
Hypercapnia Right Ans - increased amount of Carbon dioxide in the blood
,Four Stages of Hypoxia Right Ans - -INDIFFERENCE (0-10,000 feet) 90-
98% Oxygen Saturation
Mild Hypoxia - decrease in night vision above 4,000 feet.
-COMPENSATORY (10,000 - 15,000 feet) 80-89% Oxygen Saturation
Drowsiness, Poor Judgement, Impaired Coordination. Easily overlooked if
preoccupied.
-DISTURBANCE (15,000 - 20,000 feet) 70-79% Oxygen Saturation
Fatigue, Diziness, headache, breathlessness. Impaired Flight Control,
handwriting, speech, visual and mental confusion.
-CRITICAL (20,000 + feet) 60-69% Oxygen Saturation
Convulsions, Collapse, Death.
Hypoxic Hypoxia Right Ans - Decrease in alveolar oxygen exchange
Hypemic Hypoxia Right Ans - reduction in oxygen carrying capacity of the
blood
Stagnant hypoxia Right Ans - reduced cardiac output results in pooling of
the blood in the tissues
histotoxic hypoxia Right Ans - cells unable to use O2, as in metabolic
poisons
Effective performance time Right Ans - The amount of time an individual is
able to perform useful duties in an environment of inadequate oxygen; also
known as expected performance time.
Time of useful consciousness Right Ans - A period of time from the onset of
a decompression until a person is unable to effectively or adequately perform
duties due to an insufficient supply of oxygen.
TUC at 18000ft Right Ans - 30 min
TUC at 25000 feet Right Ans - 3-5 minutes
TUC at 30000 Right Ans - 90 seconds
,TUC at 35000 feet Right Ans - 30-60 seconds
TUC at 40000 feet Right Ans - 15 seconds or less
What is the flight specific treatment for hypoxia after administering 100%
fio2? Right Ans - Descend to below 10000 in non pressurized aircraft
Why is the cabin of an aircraft at altitude so dry? Right Ans - Humidity
decreases in cold temperature. Air is brought in from the high altitude low
temperature environment resulting is less than 2% humidity
What are the cabin pressure zones? Right Ans - Physiologic zone
Physiologically deficient zone
Space equivalent zone
Space
What is the physiologic zone? Right Ans - 0-10000 feet
What is the physiologically deficient zone? Right Ans - 10000-50000 feet
What is the space equivalent zone? Right Ans - 50-250000 feet
What is the Space zone? Right Ans - 250000 feet and beyond
What are the BGA criteria for metabolic acidosis? Right Ans - Bicarb < 22
pH < 7.35
What is the normal base excess? Right Ans - -2 to +2
What is base excess? Right Ans - the amount of strong acid or base
required to titrate 1 L of blood to pH 7.40 at 37 degrees C while pCO2 is held
constant at 40 mm Hg
Formula for HCO3 replacement Right Ans - 0.1 x (-BE) x kg
If your SaO2 is 90% then what is your likely Pao2? Right Ans - Pao2 60%
What are the critical BGAs for intubation? Right Ans - Pao2< 60
, PaCo2 >55
pH <7.2
For every change in pH of 1.0 the K+ will change by. Right Ans - 0.6 in the
opposite direction
What are the three sides of the pediatric assessment triangle? Right Ans -
Work of breathing
Appearance
Circulation
What is the LEMON difficult airway assessment? Right Ans - Look
externally
Evaluate 3-3-2 three fingers in mouth, three from chin to crich, two from
bottom of chin to below crich
Malampati: 1 best, 4 worst
obstructions
neck mobility
Optimal intubation is to be performed with the patient's ear at the level of
their? Right Ans - Sternal notch
Is hi flow nasal cannula capable of CPAP and Bipap modes? Right Ans - Yes
What is the standard for ETT cuff pressures? Right Ans - 20-30, 25cm h2o
is gold standard
How far away should the ETT be placed from the carina? Right Ans - 2-3cm
At what vertebrae should the ETT tip sit ? Right Ans - T2-T3
What is the RSI dose of ketamine? Right Ans - 2mg/kg
What are contraindications for succinylcholine? Right Ans - hyperkalemia
eye injuries
nervous system disorders
With unstable patients requiring intubation you should consider _____the dose
of sedation and _____ the dose of paralytic Right Ans - half, double
Boyle's law Right Ans - P1V1=P2V2
As pressure decreases (altitude increases) volume goes up
Pneumos get worse
ETT Cuffs could rupture
Glass bottles could shatter
Dalton's Law Right Ans - Ptotal=p1+p2+p3 @ constant pressure
As altitude increases, pressure decreases, more Fio2 concentration is needed
Charles' Law Right Ans - V1/T1=V2/T2
Hot air is less dense than cold air
Less lift is attainable in the summer, so less crew can be present
Gay-Lussac's Law Right Ans - P1/T1=P2/T2
As altitude increases and pressure drops, temperature drops
Crew and patients need more warmth and O2 tanks will have less PSI at
altitude
Henry's Law Right Ans - Gas solubility increases as pressure increases
Decompression sickness occurs when a diver surface too fast and nitrogen
desaturates quickly
Graham's Law Right Ans - Low molecular weight molecules diffuse quicker
High solubility gases stay in liquid longer
Fick's law Right Ans - diffusion of oxygen is directly proportional to
pressure and surface area and inversely proportional to thickness of
membrane
Adding peep and fio2 aid in oxygenation
Hypoxia Right Ans - oxygen deficiency in the tissues
Hypoxemia Right Ans - decrease in arterial blood oxygen tension
Hypercapnia Right Ans - increased amount of Carbon dioxide in the blood
,Four Stages of Hypoxia Right Ans - -INDIFFERENCE (0-10,000 feet) 90-
98% Oxygen Saturation
Mild Hypoxia - decrease in night vision above 4,000 feet.
-COMPENSATORY (10,000 - 15,000 feet) 80-89% Oxygen Saturation
Drowsiness, Poor Judgement, Impaired Coordination. Easily overlooked if
preoccupied.
-DISTURBANCE (15,000 - 20,000 feet) 70-79% Oxygen Saturation
Fatigue, Diziness, headache, breathlessness. Impaired Flight Control,
handwriting, speech, visual and mental confusion.
-CRITICAL (20,000 + feet) 60-69% Oxygen Saturation
Convulsions, Collapse, Death.
Hypoxic Hypoxia Right Ans - Decrease in alveolar oxygen exchange
Hypemic Hypoxia Right Ans - reduction in oxygen carrying capacity of the
blood
Stagnant hypoxia Right Ans - reduced cardiac output results in pooling of
the blood in the tissues
histotoxic hypoxia Right Ans - cells unable to use O2, as in metabolic
poisons
Effective performance time Right Ans - The amount of time an individual is
able to perform useful duties in an environment of inadequate oxygen; also
known as expected performance time.
Time of useful consciousness Right Ans - A period of time from the onset of
a decompression until a person is unable to effectively or adequately perform
duties due to an insufficient supply of oxygen.
TUC at 18000ft Right Ans - 30 min
TUC at 25000 feet Right Ans - 3-5 minutes
TUC at 30000 Right Ans - 90 seconds
,TUC at 35000 feet Right Ans - 30-60 seconds
TUC at 40000 feet Right Ans - 15 seconds or less
What is the flight specific treatment for hypoxia after administering 100%
fio2? Right Ans - Descend to below 10000 in non pressurized aircraft
Why is the cabin of an aircraft at altitude so dry? Right Ans - Humidity
decreases in cold temperature. Air is brought in from the high altitude low
temperature environment resulting is less than 2% humidity
What are the cabin pressure zones? Right Ans - Physiologic zone
Physiologically deficient zone
Space equivalent zone
Space
What is the physiologic zone? Right Ans - 0-10000 feet
What is the physiologically deficient zone? Right Ans - 10000-50000 feet
What is the space equivalent zone? Right Ans - 50-250000 feet
What is the Space zone? Right Ans - 250000 feet and beyond
What are the BGA criteria for metabolic acidosis? Right Ans - Bicarb < 22
pH < 7.35
What is the normal base excess? Right Ans - -2 to +2
What is base excess? Right Ans - the amount of strong acid or base
required to titrate 1 L of blood to pH 7.40 at 37 degrees C while pCO2 is held
constant at 40 mm Hg
Formula for HCO3 replacement Right Ans - 0.1 x (-BE) x kg
If your SaO2 is 90% then what is your likely Pao2? Right Ans - Pao2 60%
What are the critical BGAs for intubation? Right Ans - Pao2< 60
, PaCo2 >55
pH <7.2
For every change in pH of 1.0 the K+ will change by. Right Ans - 0.6 in the
opposite direction
What are the three sides of the pediatric assessment triangle? Right Ans -
Work of breathing
Appearance
Circulation
What is the LEMON difficult airway assessment? Right Ans - Look
externally
Evaluate 3-3-2 three fingers in mouth, three from chin to crich, two from
bottom of chin to below crich
Malampati: 1 best, 4 worst
obstructions
neck mobility
Optimal intubation is to be performed with the patient's ear at the level of
their? Right Ans - Sternal notch
Is hi flow nasal cannula capable of CPAP and Bipap modes? Right Ans - Yes
What is the standard for ETT cuff pressures? Right Ans - 20-30, 25cm h2o
is gold standard
How far away should the ETT be placed from the carina? Right Ans - 2-3cm
At what vertebrae should the ETT tip sit ? Right Ans - T2-T3
What is the RSI dose of ketamine? Right Ans - 2mg/kg
What are contraindications for succinylcholine? Right Ans - hyperkalemia
eye injuries
nervous system disorders
With unstable patients requiring intubation you should consider _____the dose
of sedation and _____ the dose of paralytic Right Ans - half, double
