CSD 454 Midterm Test Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Graded A+
Cultural humility - Answers is a way of thinking
cultural competence - Answers is a way of becoming
culturally responsive practice - Answers is a way of doing
Intersectionality approaches - Answers can provide a 'lens' for analyzing how power relations contribute
to complex and multiple forms of health advantage and disadvantage.
Strategies to engage in culturally responsive practice: - Answers -Listen openly and often.
-Reflect frequently both informally and formally.
-Seek out education, tools, and resources
Nativist - Answers fundamental skills are innate; language capacity present from birth
Non-Nativist/Empiricist - Answers environment is the critical factor in language development
Cognitive Constructivist - Answers -Piaget
-achievement of progressively sophisticated cognitive benchmarks required for language development
-physical exploration is important; motor, play, and language skills develop together
-4 stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations
-cognitive/mental processes are innate, but language itself is not
Emergentist - Answers -Poll
-language ability is the product of interactions between external language environment and the internal
learning capabilities of the child
-children must be active in learning
-complex interconnected system; simple components working together can accomplish very complex
language learning
-connectionist modeling
-hybrid of nativist and social interactionist perspectives
Behaviorist - Answers -Skinner
-learning occurs when stimulus triggers response/behavior that is reinforced
-communicative behaviors increase with reinforcement
, -new behaviors develop with shaping and chaining
-role of environment very important
Social Interactionist - Answers -Vygotsky, Brunner
-language development is socially mediated
-interaction with adults/more able peers builds knowledge and facilitates cognitive and language
development
-language helps us make social connections and communicate ideas
-language and private speech shapes learning and cognition
-role of environment very important
speech - Answers how we say sounds and words
language - Answers the words we use and how we use them to share ideas and get what we want
Language Disorder - Answers impaired comprehension and/or use of spoken, written and/or other
symbol systems
Infant Form Milestones - Answers -understand basic level categories that describe general concepts
(dog, ball, shoe)
-emergence of first words
Toddler Form Milestones - Answers -phonological processes
-Grammatical morphemes emerge between 18-24 months
-variety of sentence forms emerge
Infant Content Milestones - Answers -understand basic level categories that describe general concepts
(dog, ball, shoe)
-emergence of first words
Toddler Content Milestones - Answers -two-word stage
-telegraphic speech
-vocabulary spurt
-fast mapping
Infant Use Milestones - Answers understand and use a variety of pragmatic functions
Cultural humility - Answers is a way of thinking
cultural competence - Answers is a way of becoming
culturally responsive practice - Answers is a way of doing
Intersectionality approaches - Answers can provide a 'lens' for analyzing how power relations contribute
to complex and multiple forms of health advantage and disadvantage.
Strategies to engage in culturally responsive practice: - Answers -Listen openly and often.
-Reflect frequently both informally and formally.
-Seek out education, tools, and resources
Nativist - Answers fundamental skills are innate; language capacity present from birth
Non-Nativist/Empiricist - Answers environment is the critical factor in language development
Cognitive Constructivist - Answers -Piaget
-achievement of progressively sophisticated cognitive benchmarks required for language development
-physical exploration is important; motor, play, and language skills develop together
-4 stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations
-cognitive/mental processes are innate, but language itself is not
Emergentist - Answers -Poll
-language ability is the product of interactions between external language environment and the internal
learning capabilities of the child
-children must be active in learning
-complex interconnected system; simple components working together can accomplish very complex
language learning
-connectionist modeling
-hybrid of nativist and social interactionist perspectives
Behaviorist - Answers -Skinner
-learning occurs when stimulus triggers response/behavior that is reinforced
-communicative behaviors increase with reinforcement
, -new behaviors develop with shaping and chaining
-role of environment very important
Social Interactionist - Answers -Vygotsky, Brunner
-language development is socially mediated
-interaction with adults/more able peers builds knowledge and facilitates cognitive and language
development
-language helps us make social connections and communicate ideas
-language and private speech shapes learning and cognition
-role of environment very important
speech - Answers how we say sounds and words
language - Answers the words we use and how we use them to share ideas and get what we want
Language Disorder - Answers impaired comprehension and/or use of spoken, written and/or other
symbol systems
Infant Form Milestones - Answers -understand basic level categories that describe general concepts
(dog, ball, shoe)
-emergence of first words
Toddler Form Milestones - Answers -phonological processes
-Grammatical morphemes emerge between 18-24 months
-variety of sentence forms emerge
Infant Content Milestones - Answers -understand basic level categories that describe general concepts
(dog, ball, shoe)
-emergence of first words
Toddler Content Milestones - Answers -two-word stage
-telegraphic speech
-vocabulary spurt
-fast mapping
Infant Use Milestones - Answers understand and use a variety of pragmatic functions
