NSER 7410 - Module 1 Exam Questions with Correct Answers 100% Pass
Briefly outline the evolution of trauma systems in canada - Answers Initially began as surgical
management of serious injury, and shock
Now about system building, performance improvement, population level outcomes-based research,
injury prevention (lower speed limits, seatbelts/helmets), and public advocacy.
Created transport systems (Air ambulance), integrated bed management system, and communication
systems
Trauma Association of Canada (TAC) - Accreditation, education, and outcomes-based evaluation system
State the features of a level 1 trauma center - Answers Large metropolitan hospital, usually affiliated
with a university
Lead role in education, research, trauma system management
Provides complex, comprehensive and unique trauma services for the province
All major sub-specialties available onsite. Ideally including burns and spinal cord units
State the features of a level 2 trauma center - Answers Usually a large, community-based hospital (+/-
tertiary center or affiliated with a university)
Provides initial trauma care for all levels of injury (less comprehensive care than in a Level 1 center)
Role varies depending on proximity to a Level 1 trauma center
State the features of a level 3 trauma center - Answers A large or small community-based hospital
Provides initial care to major trauma patients including stabilization prior to transfer
Plays a supportive role in regional trauma systems
State the features of a level 4 trauma center - Answers Small or large urban center less than 30 minutes
from a Level 1 or 2 trauma center
Plays a supportive role by providing care to minor trauma cases and protecting major trauma centers
from being inundated by non-acute patients
State the features of a level 5 trauma center - Answers Rural facility with no immediate access to a
major trauma center
Provides initial stabilization care to trauma patients prior to transfer
State the 3 goals of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) - Answers 1. Prevention of further injury
2. Initiation of resuscitation
, 3. Timely and appropriate transfer to receiving facility
Describe the scope of practice of BLS - Emergency Medical Responders (EMR) - Answers This is an entry-
level paramedic position. EMRs can provide basic airway management, bandaging, splinting, have
training in the use of automated external defibrillators, and basic symptom relief.
Describe the scope of practice of BLS - Primary Care Paramedics (PCP) - Answers Have the EMR skills plus
protocols for pain relief, asthma, anaphylaxis, and traumatic injury. They may also have additional
training such as initiating intravenous access. The majority of paramedics in British Columbia are trained
at the PCP level.
Describe the scope of practice of BLS Community Paramedics - Answers Licensed at the PCP level to
provide non-emergency and scheduled care to patients as part of an integrated healthcare team (in
rural and remote locations).
Describe the scope of practice of Advanced Care Paramedics - Answers Can perform more advanced
skills in the care of complex medical and trauma patients including: advanced airway management
(intubation), cardiac monitoring, and administration of medications for situation-specific issues such as
following advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) algorithms.
Describe the scope of practice of ALS - Critical Care Paramedics (CCP) - Answers Specially trained ACPs
who provide the highest level of specialized care and focus on acute inter-facility transport and air
medical response of critically ill or injured patients.
Describe the scope of practice of ALS - Infant Transport Team (ITT) Paramedics - Answers Specially
trained Critical Care paramedics who provide advanced treatment and stabilization to neonatal,
pediatric, and antenatal patients who require transfer to major referral centers
Describe the scope of practice of a Paramedic Specialist - Answers Provide on-scene technical support
for high-risk situations, mass and complex patient events as well as telephone support to paramedics
and patients.
What are the 3 key elements of trauma care - Answers 1. Understanding mortality distribution and
morbidity causes related to traumatic injury
2. Understanding mechanisms and patterns of injury
3. Linear and comprehensive primary and secondary assessments and management
State the main causes of death immediately after a trauma - Answers Injury to brain, brainstem, aorta,
or heart
50% of trauma deaths
State the main causes of death hours after a trauma - Answers Epidural or subdural hematoma
Briefly outline the evolution of trauma systems in canada - Answers Initially began as surgical
management of serious injury, and shock
Now about system building, performance improvement, population level outcomes-based research,
injury prevention (lower speed limits, seatbelts/helmets), and public advocacy.
Created transport systems (Air ambulance), integrated bed management system, and communication
systems
Trauma Association of Canada (TAC) - Accreditation, education, and outcomes-based evaluation system
State the features of a level 1 trauma center - Answers Large metropolitan hospital, usually affiliated
with a university
Lead role in education, research, trauma system management
Provides complex, comprehensive and unique trauma services for the province
All major sub-specialties available onsite. Ideally including burns and spinal cord units
State the features of a level 2 trauma center - Answers Usually a large, community-based hospital (+/-
tertiary center or affiliated with a university)
Provides initial trauma care for all levels of injury (less comprehensive care than in a Level 1 center)
Role varies depending on proximity to a Level 1 trauma center
State the features of a level 3 trauma center - Answers A large or small community-based hospital
Provides initial care to major trauma patients including stabilization prior to transfer
Plays a supportive role in regional trauma systems
State the features of a level 4 trauma center - Answers Small or large urban center less than 30 minutes
from a Level 1 or 2 trauma center
Plays a supportive role by providing care to minor trauma cases and protecting major trauma centers
from being inundated by non-acute patients
State the features of a level 5 trauma center - Answers Rural facility with no immediate access to a
major trauma center
Provides initial stabilization care to trauma patients prior to transfer
State the 3 goals of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) - Answers 1. Prevention of further injury
2. Initiation of resuscitation
, 3. Timely and appropriate transfer to receiving facility
Describe the scope of practice of BLS - Emergency Medical Responders (EMR) - Answers This is an entry-
level paramedic position. EMRs can provide basic airway management, bandaging, splinting, have
training in the use of automated external defibrillators, and basic symptom relief.
Describe the scope of practice of BLS - Primary Care Paramedics (PCP) - Answers Have the EMR skills plus
protocols for pain relief, asthma, anaphylaxis, and traumatic injury. They may also have additional
training such as initiating intravenous access. The majority of paramedics in British Columbia are trained
at the PCP level.
Describe the scope of practice of BLS Community Paramedics - Answers Licensed at the PCP level to
provide non-emergency and scheduled care to patients as part of an integrated healthcare team (in
rural and remote locations).
Describe the scope of practice of Advanced Care Paramedics - Answers Can perform more advanced
skills in the care of complex medical and trauma patients including: advanced airway management
(intubation), cardiac monitoring, and administration of medications for situation-specific issues such as
following advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) algorithms.
Describe the scope of practice of ALS - Critical Care Paramedics (CCP) - Answers Specially trained ACPs
who provide the highest level of specialized care and focus on acute inter-facility transport and air
medical response of critically ill or injured patients.
Describe the scope of practice of ALS - Infant Transport Team (ITT) Paramedics - Answers Specially
trained Critical Care paramedics who provide advanced treatment and stabilization to neonatal,
pediatric, and antenatal patients who require transfer to major referral centers
Describe the scope of practice of a Paramedic Specialist - Answers Provide on-scene technical support
for high-risk situations, mass and complex patient events as well as telephone support to paramedics
and patients.
What are the 3 key elements of trauma care - Answers 1. Understanding mortality distribution and
morbidity causes related to traumatic injury
2. Understanding mechanisms and patterns of injury
3. Linear and comprehensive primary and secondary assessments and management
State the main causes of death immediately after a trauma - Answers Injury to brain, brainstem, aorta,
or heart
50% of trauma deaths
State the main causes of death hours after a trauma - Answers Epidural or subdural hematoma
