ATAR Human Biology - Unit 4 Exam
Questions with correct Answers
DNA - Correct Answers -Deoxyribonucleic acid
- Carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction
of all organisms
Chromosome - Correct Answers -A DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material
of an organism
Allele - Correct Answers -Different forms of a gene
Locus - Correct Answers -Location of a gene on a chromosome
Phenotype - Correct Answers -The set of observable characteristics of an individual
based on the interaction of its genotype with the environment
- Expression of the gene
Genotype - Correct Answers -The set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a
particular trait
- Characteristics of the gene itself
Charles Darwin - Correct Answers -Questioned the creation theory on his visit to the
Galapolas islands
- Researched the similarities and differences between geographically repeated animals
- Based on 3 observations: 1. variation 2. birth rate 3. nature's balance
Fluorine relative dating - Correct Answers -Method of relative dating
- Based on the fact that when a bone is left in soil, fluoride ions replace some of the ions
in the bone
Index fossils - Correct Answers -Fossils or organisms that were on Earth for only a short
period of time and are therefore useful in the relative dating of rock strata
Order - Correct Answers -Group of similar families
Genus - Correct Answers -A group of similar species
Digits of primates - Correct Answers -- Pentadactyl: 5 digits on each hand
- Precision grip: grip used for activities of precision in humans
- Prehensible: grasping
, - Friction edges: fingerprints
Multiple alleles - Correct Answers -Two or more alternate forms of a gene that can
occupy the same locus
- Only two of the alleles can be present in an organism
Codominance - Correct Answers -Occurs when two versions or 'alleles' of the same
gene are present in a living thing and both are expressed
- Instead of one trait being dominant over the other, both traits appear
Species - Correct Answers -A group of organisms that can reproduce in nature and
produce fertile offspring
Population - Correct Answers -A group of organisms of the same species living together
in a particular place at a particular time
Allele frequency - Correct Answers -How often each allele of a gene occurs in the gene
pool for that population
Mutation - Correct Answers -A change in a gene or chromosome.
Gene mutations - Correct Answers -Changes in a single gene so that the traits normally
produced by the gene are changed/destroyed
Chromosomal mutations - Correct Answers -All or part of a chromosome are affected
Mutagen - Correct Answers -Things that are known to increase the rate in which
mutations occur (mustard gas, sulfur dioxide, X-rays, etc)
Somatic mutations - Correct Answers -A change occurring in a gene in a body cell (not
in a gamete)
Germline mutation - Correct Answers -A change in the hereditary material in the egg or
sperm that becomes incorporated into the DNA of every cell in the body of the offspring
Deletion - Correct Answers -Part of the chromosome is lost
Duplication - Correct Answers -A section of the chromosome occurs twice - chromatid
breaks off
Inversion - Correct Answers -Breaks occur in a chromosome and the broken piece joins
back in, but the wrong way around
Translocation - Correct Answers -Part of a chromosome breaks off and rejoins to the
wrong chromosome
Questions with correct Answers
DNA - Correct Answers -Deoxyribonucleic acid
- Carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction
of all organisms
Chromosome - Correct Answers -A DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material
of an organism
Allele - Correct Answers -Different forms of a gene
Locus - Correct Answers -Location of a gene on a chromosome
Phenotype - Correct Answers -The set of observable characteristics of an individual
based on the interaction of its genotype with the environment
- Expression of the gene
Genotype - Correct Answers -The set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a
particular trait
- Characteristics of the gene itself
Charles Darwin - Correct Answers -Questioned the creation theory on his visit to the
Galapolas islands
- Researched the similarities and differences between geographically repeated animals
- Based on 3 observations: 1. variation 2. birth rate 3. nature's balance
Fluorine relative dating - Correct Answers -Method of relative dating
- Based on the fact that when a bone is left in soil, fluoride ions replace some of the ions
in the bone
Index fossils - Correct Answers -Fossils or organisms that were on Earth for only a short
period of time and are therefore useful in the relative dating of rock strata
Order - Correct Answers -Group of similar families
Genus - Correct Answers -A group of similar species
Digits of primates - Correct Answers -- Pentadactyl: 5 digits on each hand
- Precision grip: grip used for activities of precision in humans
- Prehensible: grasping
, - Friction edges: fingerprints
Multiple alleles - Correct Answers -Two or more alternate forms of a gene that can
occupy the same locus
- Only two of the alleles can be present in an organism
Codominance - Correct Answers -Occurs when two versions or 'alleles' of the same
gene are present in a living thing and both are expressed
- Instead of one trait being dominant over the other, both traits appear
Species - Correct Answers -A group of organisms that can reproduce in nature and
produce fertile offspring
Population - Correct Answers -A group of organisms of the same species living together
in a particular place at a particular time
Allele frequency - Correct Answers -How often each allele of a gene occurs in the gene
pool for that population
Mutation - Correct Answers -A change in a gene or chromosome.
Gene mutations - Correct Answers -Changes in a single gene so that the traits normally
produced by the gene are changed/destroyed
Chromosomal mutations - Correct Answers -All or part of a chromosome are affected
Mutagen - Correct Answers -Things that are known to increase the rate in which
mutations occur (mustard gas, sulfur dioxide, X-rays, etc)
Somatic mutations - Correct Answers -A change occurring in a gene in a body cell (not
in a gamete)
Germline mutation - Correct Answers -A change in the hereditary material in the egg or
sperm that becomes incorporated into the DNA of every cell in the body of the offspring
Deletion - Correct Answers -Part of the chromosome is lost
Duplication - Correct Answers -A section of the chromosome occurs twice - chromatid
breaks off
Inversion - Correct Answers -Breaks occur in a chromosome and the broken piece joins
back in, but the wrong way around
Translocation - Correct Answers -Part of a chromosome breaks off and rejoins to the
wrong chromosome
