PATHOLOGY TEST BANK EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Emergency medical technicians respond to a call to find an 80-year-old man who is
showing S/S of severe shock. Which of the following phenomena is most likely taking
place? - Answer-The man's alpha & beta-adrenergic receptors have been activated,
resulting in vasoconstriction and increased HR
Central response to all types of shock
A 3-year-old child with right-sided heart failure has been admitted for worsening of his
condition. Which of the following assessment would be considered one the earliest
signs of venous congestion in this toddler? - Answer-Enlargement of the liver
With RV function impaired, systemic venous congestion develops
Which of the following changes associated with aging contributes to heart failure
development in older adults? - Answer-Elevated diastolic BP
Increased vascular stiffness
Knowing the high incidence and prevalence of heart failure among the elderly, the
manager of a long term care home has organized a workshop on the identification of
early signs and symptoms of heart failure. Which of the following teaching points is most
accurate? - Answer-Displays of aggression, confusion and restlessness when the
resident has no history of such behavior can be a sign of heart failure
Cognitive changes can often accompany heart failure in the elderly
As part of pre-surgical teaching for patients who are about to undergo a coronary artery
bypass graft, a nurse is performing an education session with a group of surgical
candidates. Which of the following teaching points best conveys an aspect of human
circulatory system? - Answer-The blood pressure varies widely between arteries and
veins and between pulmonary and systemic circulation
In which of the following situations would blood most likely rapidly relocate from central
circulation to the lower extremities? - Answer-A client is helped out of bed and stands
up
Which of the following statements most accurately captures a principle of blood flow? -
Answer-With constant pressure, a small increase in vessel radius results in an
exponential increase in blood flow
Doubling the radius of a vessel is associated with a fourth-power increase in flow,
provided that pressure remains constant
,A 72-year-old female has been told by her physician that she has a new heart murmur
that requires her to go visit a cardiologist. Upon examination, the cardiologist informs
the patient that she has aortic stenosis. After the cardiologist has left the room, the
patient asks, "What caused this to happen now?" The clinic nurse responds, -
Answer-"Heart murmurs result from tumultuous flow through a diseased heart valve that
is too narrow and stiff. This flow causes a vibration called a murmur."
Heart murmur results from turbulent flow through a diseased heart valve that may be
too narrow, too stiff, or too floppy.
During an automobile accident where the patient is bleeding heavily, which vascular
component is the most distensible and can store large quantities of blood that can be
returned to the circulation at this time of need? - Answer-Veins
Compliance refers to the total quantity of blood that can be stored in a given portion of
the circulation for each mmHg rise in pressure
An 81-year-old female client of a long-term care facility has a history of congestive heart
failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the client has positioned her sitting up at an
angle in bed and is observing her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous
distention a useful indicator for assessment of the client's condition? - Answer-Blood
back up into the jugular vein because there are no valves at the point of entry into the
heart
As part of their orientation to a cardiac care unit, a group of recent nursing graduates is
receiving a refresher in cardiac physiology from the unit educator. Which of the following
teaching points best captures a component of cardiac function? - Answer-The diastolic
phase is characterized by relaxation of the ventricles and their filling with blood
A patient is experiencing impaired circulation secondary to increased systemic arterial
pressure. Which of the following statements is the most relevant phenomenon? -
Answer-High afterload because of back pressure against the left ventricle
increased pressure in the aorta and other arteries constitutes a greater amount of
afterload work
In the ICU, the nurse hears an emergency cardiac monitor go off. The nurse looks at the
telemetry and notices the patient has gone into ventricular tachycardia. The nurse will
likely assess for signs/symptoms of: - Answer-decreasing cardiac output due to less
ventricular filling time
heart does not have the time to fill adequately
A nurse is using a stethoscope and blood pressure cuff to manually measure a client's
blood pressure. The nurse knows that which of the following facts related to blood flow
, underlies the ability to hear blood pressure by auscultation (listening)? - Answer-
Pressure pulsation that exceeds the velocity of blood flow is audible and coincides with
systolic BP.
The pressure pulsations that accompany intermittent blood ejection from the ventricles
cause sounds that are audible when measuring blood pressure and palpable at pulse
sites
A patient arrived at the emergency department 2 days after the development of "chest
pressure" and "tightness" was treated with antacids thinking it was indigestion. Hi
enzymes show a massive MI. Following angioplasty, the patient asks why so much
muscle was damaged if only one vessel was blocked, the left circumflex. The nurse
responds, - Answer-"If a major artery like the circumflex is occluded, the smaller vessels
supplied by that vessel cannot restore blood flow."
Hyperemia cannot occur when the arteries that supply the capillary beds are narrowed.
When explaining to a patient why he only had minimal muscle damaged following 99%
occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, the nurse will explain this is primarily
due to - Answer-development of collateral circulation that builds channel between some
of the smaller arteries usually when the flow is decreased gradually
Which of the following individuals is most likely to be experiencing vasodilation? -
Answer-A 51-year-old man with a history of hypertension who is taking a medication
that blocks the effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Angiotensin is a potent vasoconstrictor, and meds that block this induce vasodilation
When trying to explain to a new dialysis patient the movement of substances through
the capillary pores, the nurse will explain that in the kidneys, the glomerular capillaries
have: - Answer-small openings that allow large amounts of smaller molecular
substances to filter through the glomeruli
The glomerular capillaries in the kidneys have small openings called fenestrations that
pass directly through the middle of the endothelial cells
A 51-year-old patient with a history of alcohol abuse and liver disease has low serum
levels of albumin and presents with ascites (excess fluid in his peritoneal space) and
jaundice. A health care professional would recognize that which of the following
processes is most likely underlying his health problems? - Answer-Insufficient albumin
is causing insufficient absorption of fluid into the capillaries
Deficits of plasma proteins like albumin result in insufficient amounts of fluid being
absorbed into the capillary circulation by osmotic pressure.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Emergency medical technicians respond to a call to find an 80-year-old man who is
showing S/S of severe shock. Which of the following phenomena is most likely taking
place? - Answer-The man's alpha & beta-adrenergic receptors have been activated,
resulting in vasoconstriction and increased HR
Central response to all types of shock
A 3-year-old child with right-sided heart failure has been admitted for worsening of his
condition. Which of the following assessment would be considered one the earliest
signs of venous congestion in this toddler? - Answer-Enlargement of the liver
With RV function impaired, systemic venous congestion develops
Which of the following changes associated with aging contributes to heart failure
development in older adults? - Answer-Elevated diastolic BP
Increased vascular stiffness
Knowing the high incidence and prevalence of heart failure among the elderly, the
manager of a long term care home has organized a workshop on the identification of
early signs and symptoms of heart failure. Which of the following teaching points is most
accurate? - Answer-Displays of aggression, confusion and restlessness when the
resident has no history of such behavior can be a sign of heart failure
Cognitive changes can often accompany heart failure in the elderly
As part of pre-surgical teaching for patients who are about to undergo a coronary artery
bypass graft, a nurse is performing an education session with a group of surgical
candidates. Which of the following teaching points best conveys an aspect of human
circulatory system? - Answer-The blood pressure varies widely between arteries and
veins and between pulmonary and systemic circulation
In which of the following situations would blood most likely rapidly relocate from central
circulation to the lower extremities? - Answer-A client is helped out of bed and stands
up
Which of the following statements most accurately captures a principle of blood flow? -
Answer-With constant pressure, a small increase in vessel radius results in an
exponential increase in blood flow
Doubling the radius of a vessel is associated with a fourth-power increase in flow,
provided that pressure remains constant
,A 72-year-old female has been told by her physician that she has a new heart murmur
that requires her to go visit a cardiologist. Upon examination, the cardiologist informs
the patient that she has aortic stenosis. After the cardiologist has left the room, the
patient asks, "What caused this to happen now?" The clinic nurse responds, -
Answer-"Heart murmurs result from tumultuous flow through a diseased heart valve that
is too narrow and stiff. This flow causes a vibration called a murmur."
Heart murmur results from turbulent flow through a diseased heart valve that may be
too narrow, too stiff, or too floppy.
During an automobile accident where the patient is bleeding heavily, which vascular
component is the most distensible and can store large quantities of blood that can be
returned to the circulation at this time of need? - Answer-Veins
Compliance refers to the total quantity of blood that can be stored in a given portion of
the circulation for each mmHg rise in pressure
An 81-year-old female client of a long-term care facility has a history of congestive heart
failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the client has positioned her sitting up at an
angle in bed and is observing her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous
distention a useful indicator for assessment of the client's condition? - Answer-Blood
back up into the jugular vein because there are no valves at the point of entry into the
heart
As part of their orientation to a cardiac care unit, a group of recent nursing graduates is
receiving a refresher in cardiac physiology from the unit educator. Which of the following
teaching points best captures a component of cardiac function? - Answer-The diastolic
phase is characterized by relaxation of the ventricles and their filling with blood
A patient is experiencing impaired circulation secondary to increased systemic arterial
pressure. Which of the following statements is the most relevant phenomenon? -
Answer-High afterload because of back pressure against the left ventricle
increased pressure in the aorta and other arteries constitutes a greater amount of
afterload work
In the ICU, the nurse hears an emergency cardiac monitor go off. The nurse looks at the
telemetry and notices the patient has gone into ventricular tachycardia. The nurse will
likely assess for signs/symptoms of: - Answer-decreasing cardiac output due to less
ventricular filling time
heart does not have the time to fill adequately
A nurse is using a stethoscope and blood pressure cuff to manually measure a client's
blood pressure. The nurse knows that which of the following facts related to blood flow
, underlies the ability to hear blood pressure by auscultation (listening)? - Answer-
Pressure pulsation that exceeds the velocity of blood flow is audible and coincides with
systolic BP.
The pressure pulsations that accompany intermittent blood ejection from the ventricles
cause sounds that are audible when measuring blood pressure and palpable at pulse
sites
A patient arrived at the emergency department 2 days after the development of "chest
pressure" and "tightness" was treated with antacids thinking it was indigestion. Hi
enzymes show a massive MI. Following angioplasty, the patient asks why so much
muscle was damaged if only one vessel was blocked, the left circumflex. The nurse
responds, - Answer-"If a major artery like the circumflex is occluded, the smaller vessels
supplied by that vessel cannot restore blood flow."
Hyperemia cannot occur when the arteries that supply the capillary beds are narrowed.
When explaining to a patient why he only had minimal muscle damaged following 99%
occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, the nurse will explain this is primarily
due to - Answer-development of collateral circulation that builds channel between some
of the smaller arteries usually when the flow is decreased gradually
Which of the following individuals is most likely to be experiencing vasodilation? -
Answer-A 51-year-old man with a history of hypertension who is taking a medication
that blocks the effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Angiotensin is a potent vasoconstrictor, and meds that block this induce vasodilation
When trying to explain to a new dialysis patient the movement of substances through
the capillary pores, the nurse will explain that in the kidneys, the glomerular capillaries
have: - Answer-small openings that allow large amounts of smaller molecular
substances to filter through the glomeruli
The glomerular capillaries in the kidneys have small openings called fenestrations that
pass directly through the middle of the endothelial cells
A 51-year-old patient with a history of alcohol abuse and liver disease has low serum
levels of albumin and presents with ascites (excess fluid in his peritoneal space) and
jaundice. A health care professional would recognize that which of the following
processes is most likely underlying his health problems? - Answer-Insufficient albumin
is causing insufficient absorption of fluid into the capillaries
Deficits of plasma proteins like albumin result in insufficient amounts of fluid being
absorbed into the capillary circulation by osmotic pressure.
