personality exam 1 (CH. 1, 2, 3, 4)
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
personality - ✔✔individual's characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior,
together with the psychological mechanisms— hidden or not—behind those patterns
important concepts - ✔✔psychological triad, 3 levels of personality analysis, five
different approaches hone in on one level of analysis
3 levels of personality analysis - ✔✔(a) like all other people [human nature], (b) like
some other people [group and individual differences], (c) like no other person
[individual uniqueness]
human nature - ✔✔how we are like ALL other people.
language, social exchange, cooperation, social cognition
group and individual (trait) differences - ✔✔how are we like SOME other people
individual uniqueness - ✔✔how we are like NO other person
goal of personality psychology - ✔✔to explain the whole person
NO BIG THEORY YET
100% Pass Guarantee Olivia West, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
, trait approach - ✔✔how people differ psychologically
biological approach - ✔✔understand the mind in terms of the body
psychoanalytic approach - ✔✔unconscious mind and internal mental conflict
phenomenological approach - ✔✔focus on the conscious experience
learning and cognitive approach - ✔✔focus on rewards and punishments in the
physical and social world
self-report data - ✔✔S- Data
person's evaluation of his/her own personality
most frequent data source (surveys/questionnaires)
high face validity
s-data advantages - ✔✔-based on large amount of info
-access to thoughts, feelings, and intentions
-efficacy expectations
-simple & easy
efficacy expectations - ✔✔-what you believe yourself to be capable of & kind of person
you think you are
s-data disadvantages - ✔✔-people wont tell you
100% Pass Guarantee Olivia West, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
personality - ✔✔individual's characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior,
together with the psychological mechanisms— hidden or not—behind those patterns
important concepts - ✔✔psychological triad, 3 levels of personality analysis, five
different approaches hone in on one level of analysis
3 levels of personality analysis - ✔✔(a) like all other people [human nature], (b) like
some other people [group and individual differences], (c) like no other person
[individual uniqueness]
human nature - ✔✔how we are like ALL other people.
language, social exchange, cooperation, social cognition
group and individual (trait) differences - ✔✔how are we like SOME other people
individual uniqueness - ✔✔how we are like NO other person
goal of personality psychology - ✔✔to explain the whole person
NO BIG THEORY YET
100% Pass Guarantee Olivia West, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
, trait approach - ✔✔how people differ psychologically
biological approach - ✔✔understand the mind in terms of the body
psychoanalytic approach - ✔✔unconscious mind and internal mental conflict
phenomenological approach - ✔✔focus on the conscious experience
learning and cognitive approach - ✔✔focus on rewards and punishments in the
physical and social world
self-report data - ✔✔S- Data
person's evaluation of his/her own personality
most frequent data source (surveys/questionnaires)
high face validity
s-data advantages - ✔✔-based on large amount of info
-access to thoughts, feelings, and intentions
-efficacy expectations
-simple & easy
efficacy expectations - ✔✔-what you believe yourself to be capable of & kind of person
you think you are
s-data disadvantages - ✔✔-people wont tell you
100% Pass Guarantee Olivia West, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
