2025 VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM
WITH PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 NEWEST
T or F: Diazepam (a benzodiazepine e.g. Valium®) is an example of a drug that
should be given IV since in other routes it can cause tissue irritation and pain. -
(answer)true; can be given IM or SQ, but both will cause pain to the patient
Xylazine HCL and dexmetdetomidine are examples of drugs from the category
alpha-2 agonists. Which of the following is a characteristic of this category of
drug?
a. they often result in dramatic bradycardia and hypotension
b. during emergence from sedation the patient often has tremors and head
bobbing
c. they are strongly fat soluble drugs so the effect in an obese patient will take
longer to occur
d. care must be given when dosing as there is no reversal agent - (answer)a. they
often result in dramatic bradycardia and hypotension
The most common side effect of a drug that are used to promote vasodilation is
______________. - (answer)hypotension
The most important difference between parasympatholytic drugs (e.g. atropine)
and catecholamines (e.g. epinephrine) as treatment for heart problems, is which
of the following?
a. catecholamines are more commonly used for anaphylactic reactions
b. parasympatholytics are a first choice for resuscitation
,c. parasympatholytics slow heart rate while catecholamines increase heart rate
d. parasympatholytics have a side effect of tachycardia while catecholamines
have really no side effects or precautions - (answer)a. catecholamines are more
commonly used for anaphylactic reactions
All of the following antiarrhythmic drugs are used to slow the heart rate and make
the contractions more effective with the exception of one class of drug. Which
class of drug is most commonly used to stop premature ventricular contractions
(often associated with bloat)?
a. Class I (lidocaine, procainamide)
b. Class III (bretylium)
c. none of the answers are used for premature ventricular contractions
d. Class II (beta blockers)
e. Class IV (calcium channel blockers) - (answer)a. Class I (lidocaine, procainamide)
Antithombolic medications like aspirin and heparin work by:
a. breaking up clots so that cannot lodge in blood vessels
b. preventing blood clot formation within blood vessels
c. flushing blood clots into the general circulation where they are more readily
dissolved
d. causing the blood to clot more quickly when there is a wound - (answer)b.
preventing blood clot formation in the vessels
Which of the following relate to the cardiac glycoside (digoxin/digitalis)?
, a. digoxin is used to speed up a slow heart rate
b. serum levels must routinely be monitored to check for toxicity
c. digoxin is the preferred drug over a calcium sensitizer due to the fact that it is
so well tolerated
d. digoxin is helpful for patients with heart murmurs - (answer)b. serum levels
must routinely be monitored to check for toxicity
A small dog is brought in to a clinic with the complaint of having two seizures in
one day. The dog is also depressed and vomiting. The veterinarian is concerned
that the dog has been exposed to a toxin or poison. Which of the following anti-
convulsant drugs would be used at the veterinary clinic should the dog have
another seizure (i.e. what would be used if the dog is seizuring)?
a. phenobarbital
b. any of the answers would be correct as they all work to stop a seizure while it is
occurring
c. clomipramine
d. diazepam
e. potassium bromide - (answer)d. diazepam
Butorphanol, an opiod drug, is frequently used with sedatives to decrease pain
during diagnostic procedures. What is also true about opiods as pain
medications? - (answer)they are the strongest analgesic medications
WITH PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 NEWEST
T or F: Diazepam (a benzodiazepine e.g. Valium®) is an example of a drug that
should be given IV since in other routes it can cause tissue irritation and pain. -
(answer)true; can be given IM or SQ, but both will cause pain to the patient
Xylazine HCL and dexmetdetomidine are examples of drugs from the category
alpha-2 agonists. Which of the following is a characteristic of this category of
drug?
a. they often result in dramatic bradycardia and hypotension
b. during emergence from sedation the patient often has tremors and head
bobbing
c. they are strongly fat soluble drugs so the effect in an obese patient will take
longer to occur
d. care must be given when dosing as there is no reversal agent - (answer)a. they
often result in dramatic bradycardia and hypotension
The most common side effect of a drug that are used to promote vasodilation is
______________. - (answer)hypotension
The most important difference between parasympatholytic drugs (e.g. atropine)
and catecholamines (e.g. epinephrine) as treatment for heart problems, is which
of the following?
a. catecholamines are more commonly used for anaphylactic reactions
b. parasympatholytics are a first choice for resuscitation
,c. parasympatholytics slow heart rate while catecholamines increase heart rate
d. parasympatholytics have a side effect of tachycardia while catecholamines
have really no side effects or precautions - (answer)a. catecholamines are more
commonly used for anaphylactic reactions
All of the following antiarrhythmic drugs are used to slow the heart rate and make
the contractions more effective with the exception of one class of drug. Which
class of drug is most commonly used to stop premature ventricular contractions
(often associated with bloat)?
a. Class I (lidocaine, procainamide)
b. Class III (bretylium)
c. none of the answers are used for premature ventricular contractions
d. Class II (beta blockers)
e. Class IV (calcium channel blockers) - (answer)a. Class I (lidocaine, procainamide)
Antithombolic medications like aspirin and heparin work by:
a. breaking up clots so that cannot lodge in blood vessels
b. preventing blood clot formation within blood vessels
c. flushing blood clots into the general circulation where they are more readily
dissolved
d. causing the blood to clot more quickly when there is a wound - (answer)b.
preventing blood clot formation in the vessels
Which of the following relate to the cardiac glycoside (digoxin/digitalis)?
, a. digoxin is used to speed up a slow heart rate
b. serum levels must routinely be monitored to check for toxicity
c. digoxin is the preferred drug over a calcium sensitizer due to the fact that it is
so well tolerated
d. digoxin is helpful for patients with heart murmurs - (answer)b. serum levels
must routinely be monitored to check for toxicity
A small dog is brought in to a clinic with the complaint of having two seizures in
one day. The dog is also depressed and vomiting. The veterinarian is concerned
that the dog has been exposed to a toxin or poison. Which of the following anti-
convulsant drugs would be used at the veterinary clinic should the dog have
another seizure (i.e. what would be used if the dog is seizuring)?
a. phenobarbital
b. any of the answers would be correct as they all work to stop a seizure while it is
occurring
c. clomipramine
d. diazepam
e. potassium bromide - (answer)d. diazepam
Butorphanol, an opiod drug, is frequently used with sedatives to decrease pain
during diagnostic procedures. What is also true about opiods as pain
medications? - (answer)they are the strongest analgesic medications
