HISTORY OF EPIDEMIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Sir Alexander Flemming - ANSWER-Disease control
Contributed to our first antibiotics
Sir Doll and Hill - ANSWER-First to demonstrate the route cause of smoking is lung
cancer
Outbreak Investigation - ANSWER-1) Define Epidemic
-Define the number of cases
2) Examining the distribution of cases by the following
-time and place
3) Look for combinations of relevant variables
4) Develop hypothesis
-Existing knowledge, analogy to diseases know etiology
5) Test hypothesis
-Further analyze existing data, collect additional data
6) Recommend control measures
- Control of present outbreak, prevention.
Epidemiological Triads - ANSWER-Host-Nature, protection
Agent-Diseases
Environment- Medium, interaction is caused=Principle used for disease control
Herd Immunity- deprive the agent from the host, make it impossible to continue so they
die.
Host-environment- ex: kill them off like there mosquitos like insecticide before they
spread through the environment.
Uses of Epidemiology - ANSWER--Establish causation
-Study the natural history of a disease
-Describe the health status of population
-Evaluate the impact of interventions to prevent disease or injury in a population
Epidemiologist - ANSWER-An investigator who studies the occurrences of diseases or
other health related conditions or events in defended populations. The control of is
disease in population is often also considered to be a task for the epidemiologist.
Eight Subspecialties of Epidemiology - ANSWER-Clinical
Hospital
Infectious
, Chronic
Pharmical
Environmental
Psychiatric
Social
Contributors in the history of epidemiology: - ANSWER--Sought to understand and
explain illness, injury, and death from an observational scientific perspective
-Sought to provide information for the prevention and control of health-related states
and events in the population
Hippocrates, the First Epidemiologist
(460 B.C. to 377 B.C.) - ANSWER--A physician who became known as the father of
medicine and the first epidemiologist
-His three books; Epidemic I, Epidemic III, and On Airs, Waters and Places; attempted
to describe disease from a rational basis instead of a supernatural explanation
Hippocrates, the First Epidemiologist
(460 B.C. to 377 B.C.) - ANSWER--He observed that different diseases occurred in
different locations
-He noted that malaria and yellow fever most commonly occurred in swampy areas
-He also introduced terms like epidemic and endemic
Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689) - ANSWER--Believed that observation should drive the
study of the course of disease
-Described and distinguished different diseases including some psychological maladies
James Lind (1716-1794) - ANSWER--Applied experimental methods to identify that
eating citrus fruits were effective remedies for scurvy among sailors at sea
-Also made clinical observations, used experimental design, asked classical
epidemiological questions, observed the population changes and its effect on disease,
and considered sources of causation, including place, time, and season
Benjamin Jesty - ANSWER--A farmer/dairyman in the mid-1700s, noticed his milkmaids
never got smallpox, but did get cowpox
-Exposed his wife and children to cowpox
Variolation - ANSWER-Chinese had observed for centuries that getting a weaker strain
of smallpox was protective against a stronger strain of the disease
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Sir Alexander Flemming - ANSWER-Disease control
Contributed to our first antibiotics
Sir Doll and Hill - ANSWER-First to demonstrate the route cause of smoking is lung
cancer
Outbreak Investigation - ANSWER-1) Define Epidemic
-Define the number of cases
2) Examining the distribution of cases by the following
-time and place
3) Look for combinations of relevant variables
4) Develop hypothesis
-Existing knowledge, analogy to diseases know etiology
5) Test hypothesis
-Further analyze existing data, collect additional data
6) Recommend control measures
- Control of present outbreak, prevention.
Epidemiological Triads - ANSWER-Host-Nature, protection
Agent-Diseases
Environment- Medium, interaction is caused=Principle used for disease control
Herd Immunity- deprive the agent from the host, make it impossible to continue so they
die.
Host-environment- ex: kill them off like there mosquitos like insecticide before they
spread through the environment.
Uses of Epidemiology - ANSWER--Establish causation
-Study the natural history of a disease
-Describe the health status of population
-Evaluate the impact of interventions to prevent disease or injury in a population
Epidemiologist - ANSWER-An investigator who studies the occurrences of diseases or
other health related conditions or events in defended populations. The control of is
disease in population is often also considered to be a task for the epidemiologist.
Eight Subspecialties of Epidemiology - ANSWER-Clinical
Hospital
Infectious
, Chronic
Pharmical
Environmental
Psychiatric
Social
Contributors in the history of epidemiology: - ANSWER--Sought to understand and
explain illness, injury, and death from an observational scientific perspective
-Sought to provide information for the prevention and control of health-related states
and events in the population
Hippocrates, the First Epidemiologist
(460 B.C. to 377 B.C.) - ANSWER--A physician who became known as the father of
medicine and the first epidemiologist
-His three books; Epidemic I, Epidemic III, and On Airs, Waters and Places; attempted
to describe disease from a rational basis instead of a supernatural explanation
Hippocrates, the First Epidemiologist
(460 B.C. to 377 B.C.) - ANSWER--He observed that different diseases occurred in
different locations
-He noted that malaria and yellow fever most commonly occurred in swampy areas
-He also introduced terms like epidemic and endemic
Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689) - ANSWER--Believed that observation should drive the
study of the course of disease
-Described and distinguished different diseases including some psychological maladies
James Lind (1716-1794) - ANSWER--Applied experimental methods to identify that
eating citrus fruits were effective remedies for scurvy among sailors at sea
-Also made clinical observations, used experimental design, asked classical
epidemiological questions, observed the population changes and its effect on disease,
and considered sources of causation, including place, time, and season
Benjamin Jesty - ANSWER--A farmer/dairyman in the mid-1700s, noticed his milkmaids
never got smallpox, but did get cowpox
-Exposed his wife and children to cowpox
Variolation - ANSWER-Chinese had observed for centuries that getting a weaker strain
of smallpox was protective against a stronger strain of the disease
