BI 121 GRCC Test 1 Questions and
Answers Graded A+
Which type of protein channel opens in response to mechanical pressure?
✔✔Mechanically gated channel
Which cellular structure is primarily involved in detoxifying harmful substances?
✔✔Peroxisome
Which molecule is used as a second messenger in signal transduction pathways?
✔✔cAMP
Which lipid molecule is crucial for maintaining the fluidity of the cell membrane?
✔✔Cholesterol
Which term describes the engulfing of large particles by a cell?
✔✔Phagocytosis
1
,Which structure anchors epithelial cells to underlying tissues?
✔✔Basement membrane
Which cellular component is responsible for forming the mitotic spindle?
✔✔Centrosome
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding DNA during replication?
✔✔Helicase
Which protein allows muscle contraction by sliding along actin filaments?
✔✔Myosin
Which process involves the transport of two substances in opposite directions across a
membrane?
✔✔Antiport
Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones?
✔✔Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
2
,Which molecule acts as a buffer to stabilize pH levels in the blood?
✔✔Bicarbonate
Which type of junction allows communication between adjacent cells?
✔✔Gap junction
Which type of tissue is specialized for fat storage?
✔✔Adipose tissue
Which molecule acts as a coenzyme in cellular respiration?
✔✔NAD+
Which cellular process is responsible for generating genetic diversity?
✔✔Crossing over
Which type of feedback loop is involved in blood clotting?
✔✔Positive feedback
3
, Which molecule is a precursor for the synthesis of vitamin D?
✔✔Cholesterol
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by rapid growth and protein synthesis?
✔✔G1 phase
Which cellular structure is responsible for cell shape and movement?
✔✔Cytoskeleton
Which enzyme facilitates the conversion of ATP to cAMP?
✔✔Adenylate cyclase
Which protein regulates the cell cycle by acting as a checkpoint inhibitor?
✔✔p53
Which ion is actively transported out of cells to maintain membrane potential?
✔✔Sodium
4
Answers Graded A+
Which type of protein channel opens in response to mechanical pressure?
✔✔Mechanically gated channel
Which cellular structure is primarily involved in detoxifying harmful substances?
✔✔Peroxisome
Which molecule is used as a second messenger in signal transduction pathways?
✔✔cAMP
Which lipid molecule is crucial for maintaining the fluidity of the cell membrane?
✔✔Cholesterol
Which term describes the engulfing of large particles by a cell?
✔✔Phagocytosis
1
,Which structure anchors epithelial cells to underlying tissues?
✔✔Basement membrane
Which cellular component is responsible for forming the mitotic spindle?
✔✔Centrosome
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding DNA during replication?
✔✔Helicase
Which protein allows muscle contraction by sliding along actin filaments?
✔✔Myosin
Which process involves the transport of two substances in opposite directions across a
membrane?
✔✔Antiport
Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones?
✔✔Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
2
,Which molecule acts as a buffer to stabilize pH levels in the blood?
✔✔Bicarbonate
Which type of junction allows communication between adjacent cells?
✔✔Gap junction
Which type of tissue is specialized for fat storage?
✔✔Adipose tissue
Which molecule acts as a coenzyme in cellular respiration?
✔✔NAD+
Which cellular process is responsible for generating genetic diversity?
✔✔Crossing over
Which type of feedback loop is involved in blood clotting?
✔✔Positive feedback
3
, Which molecule is a precursor for the synthesis of vitamin D?
✔✔Cholesterol
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by rapid growth and protein synthesis?
✔✔G1 phase
Which cellular structure is responsible for cell shape and movement?
✔✔Cytoskeleton
Which enzyme facilitates the conversion of ATP to cAMP?
✔✔Adenylate cyclase
Which protein regulates the cell cycle by acting as a checkpoint inhibitor?
✔✔p53
Which ion is actively transported out of cells to maintain membrane potential?
✔✔Sodium
4
