Veterinary Exam 1|164 Questions
with Solutions
3 agencies of the US gov't that regulate animal heath products: - -FDA
EPA
USDA
- FDA - -regulates development and approval of animal drugs and fee
additives through its Center for Veterinary Medicine
- EPA - -regulates the development and approval of animal pesticides
- USDA - -regulates the development and approval of biologics (vaccines,
serums, antitoxins, and similar other products)
- The Green Book - -- List of all the animal drug products that have been
approved by the FDA for safety and effectiveness
- Interagency cooperative agreement btw the USDA and the FDA. updated
monthly
- 1938 The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) - -was enacted.
For the first time, manufacturers were required to provide evidence of
product safety before distributing new drugs. Animal drugs were regulated
under three sections of the Act. They were first regulated as either new
drugs under Section 505, or as antibiotics under Section 507. If used in the
feed or drinking water of food-producing animals they were regulated as
food additives under Section 409.
- 1968 The FFDCA - -was amended to include provisions which specifically
address animal drugs. These amendments were designed to ensure that
animal drugs are safe and effective for their intended uses and that they do
not result in unsafe residues in foods.
- 1994 The Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994 (AMDUCA) -
-AMDUCA allows veterinarians to prescribe extralabel uses of certain
approved animal drugs and approved human drugs for animals under certain
conditions.
Key constraints of AMDUCA are that any extralabel use must be by or on the
order of a veterinarian within the context of a veterinarian-client-patient
relationship, must not result in violative residues in food-producing animals.
- 1996 The Animal Drug Availability Act of 1996 (ADAA) - -amended the
FFDCA to provide for improvements in the process of approving and using
,animal drugs, and for other purposes. The ADAA was designed to increase
the number of animal drugs on the market, without compromising FDA's
mission to promote and protect the public health. It was the culmination of
collaboration between FDA, a coalition of animal industry groups including
veterinarians, and manufacturers of animal drugs.
- 2004 Minor Use and Minor Species Animal Health Act of 2004 (MUMS) - -
made more medications legally available to veterinarians and animal owners
to treat minor animal species and also uncommon diseases in the major
animal species. Provides innovative ways to bring such products to market
and is designed to help pharmaceutical companies overcome the financial
roadblocks they face in providing limited-demand animal drugs. Benefit to
people who own small or unusual pets such as guinea pigs or ornamental
fish, and zoo veterinarians. Before this legislation, pharmaceutical companies
could rarely afford to bring to market drugs for novel pets and zoo animals,
because the markets were too small to generate an adequate financial
return.
- Pharmacies asked to use state license numbers to identify veterinarians - -
New industry guidance is directing pharmacies and third-party processors to
accept veterinarians' license numbers as a means for identifying prescribers
of non-controlled medications for animals.
That means pharmacists soon may stop asking for veterinarians' DEA (Drug
Enforcement Agency) numbers when filling scripts for non-controlled
medications. The same goes for National Provider Identifier (NPI) numbers,
which veterinarians aren't eligible to receive because they do not meet the
regulatory definition of "health care provider."
- GEORGIA STATE BOARD OF VETERINARY MEDICINE - -A six-member board
appointed by the
Governor to protect, promote and preserve the public health, safety and
welfare of the citizens of Georgia.
The Board is composed of five licensed, practicing veterinarians and one
consumer member.
They are responsible for the regulation of licensed veterinarians, veterinarian
technicians and faculty veterinarians in Georgia. The Board reviews
applications, administers examinations, licenses qualified applicants and
regulates the practice of licensees throughout the state. Complaints are
investigated and, if warranted, disciplinary action may be taken by the
Board. Board meetings are held approximately six times each year and are
open to the public.
, - National Association of Boards of Pharmacy - -Clients might be advised to
select an Internet pharmacy certified whose VIPPSTM program and its
accompanying seal of approval identify to the public those online pharmacies
that are appropriately licensed and prepared to practice pharmacy via the
Internet.
- If the Board office receives a complaint against a veterinarian whereby the
veterinarian will not release the records and/or a written prescription to a
patient at the patient's request, a letter from the Board will be sent via
Certified Mail to the veterinarian to release the records and/or provide a
written prescription to the patient - -within 10 days of receipt of the certified
letter, and submit proof that the records have been mailed to the patient (via
Certified Mail) to the Board within 10 days as well. The veterinarian must
either submit to the Board proof of the mailing of the records and/or written
prescription, or respond to the Board as to why the records and/or written
prescription cannot/will not be mailed within 10 days of the receipt of the
certified letter from the Board.
- If the Board office has not received proof that the records and/or written
prescription have been released to the patient, or has not received a
response from the veterinarian within 15 days of the date of the request was
mailed from the Board's office, the veterinarian will: - --Have his/her license
sanctioned by the Board with a PUBLIC REPRIMAND, which will be a
permanent part of the veterinarian's records; and Pay a $500.00 fine.
- Zoonoses - -Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
Involve many types of infectious organisms, for example, viruses, bacteria,
fungi, parasites, and prions
- Zoonotic diseases may be transmitted... - -transmitted directly from
animals to people, or indirectly through the environment or vectors such as
ticks, mosquitoes, flies, etc.
- Zoonotic diseases accounts for... - -> 60% of human infectious diseases
- Rabies - -virus (Zoonoses Transmisable via Companion Animals)
cats, dogs, ferrets
Route of transmission: saliva --> blood
- Ringworm - -dermatophytosis --> fungus (Zoonoses Transmisable via
Companion Animals)
cats, dogs, guinea pig
, Route of transmission: dermal transfer
- ***Cat scratch fever - -bartonellosis --> bacteria (Zoonoses Transmisable
via Companion Animals)
cats
Route of transmission: saliva --> blood via bite/scratch
- Scabies - -sarcoptic mange --> mite (Zoonoses Transmisable via
Companion Animals)
dogs, cats
Route of transmission: dermal transfer/dander
- Lyme disease - -bacteria (Zoonoses Transmisable via Companion Animals)
dogs, cats
Route of transmission: tick bite
- ***Toxoplasmosis - -protozoan (Zoonoses Transmisable via Companion
Animals)
cats
Route of transmission: fecal inhalation/ingestion
- ***Leptosporosis - -bacteria (Zoonoses Transmisable via Companion
Animals)
bacteria cause kidney/liver failure
dogs
Route of transmission: urine/fecal contaminated H2O
- ***intestinal parasites - -worms (Zoonoses Transmisable via Companion
Animals)
dogs, cats
Route of transmission: fecal --> oral, dermal, flea ingestion
with Solutions
3 agencies of the US gov't that regulate animal heath products: - -FDA
EPA
USDA
- FDA - -regulates development and approval of animal drugs and fee
additives through its Center for Veterinary Medicine
- EPA - -regulates the development and approval of animal pesticides
- USDA - -regulates the development and approval of biologics (vaccines,
serums, antitoxins, and similar other products)
- The Green Book - -- List of all the animal drug products that have been
approved by the FDA for safety and effectiveness
- Interagency cooperative agreement btw the USDA and the FDA. updated
monthly
- 1938 The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) - -was enacted.
For the first time, manufacturers were required to provide evidence of
product safety before distributing new drugs. Animal drugs were regulated
under three sections of the Act. They were first regulated as either new
drugs under Section 505, or as antibiotics under Section 507. If used in the
feed or drinking water of food-producing animals they were regulated as
food additives under Section 409.
- 1968 The FFDCA - -was amended to include provisions which specifically
address animal drugs. These amendments were designed to ensure that
animal drugs are safe and effective for their intended uses and that they do
not result in unsafe residues in foods.
- 1994 The Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994 (AMDUCA) -
-AMDUCA allows veterinarians to prescribe extralabel uses of certain
approved animal drugs and approved human drugs for animals under certain
conditions.
Key constraints of AMDUCA are that any extralabel use must be by or on the
order of a veterinarian within the context of a veterinarian-client-patient
relationship, must not result in violative residues in food-producing animals.
- 1996 The Animal Drug Availability Act of 1996 (ADAA) - -amended the
FFDCA to provide for improvements in the process of approving and using
,animal drugs, and for other purposes. The ADAA was designed to increase
the number of animal drugs on the market, without compromising FDA's
mission to promote and protect the public health. It was the culmination of
collaboration between FDA, a coalition of animal industry groups including
veterinarians, and manufacturers of animal drugs.
- 2004 Minor Use and Minor Species Animal Health Act of 2004 (MUMS) - -
made more medications legally available to veterinarians and animal owners
to treat minor animal species and also uncommon diseases in the major
animal species. Provides innovative ways to bring such products to market
and is designed to help pharmaceutical companies overcome the financial
roadblocks they face in providing limited-demand animal drugs. Benefit to
people who own small or unusual pets such as guinea pigs or ornamental
fish, and zoo veterinarians. Before this legislation, pharmaceutical companies
could rarely afford to bring to market drugs for novel pets and zoo animals,
because the markets were too small to generate an adequate financial
return.
- Pharmacies asked to use state license numbers to identify veterinarians - -
New industry guidance is directing pharmacies and third-party processors to
accept veterinarians' license numbers as a means for identifying prescribers
of non-controlled medications for animals.
That means pharmacists soon may stop asking for veterinarians' DEA (Drug
Enforcement Agency) numbers when filling scripts for non-controlled
medications. The same goes for National Provider Identifier (NPI) numbers,
which veterinarians aren't eligible to receive because they do not meet the
regulatory definition of "health care provider."
- GEORGIA STATE BOARD OF VETERINARY MEDICINE - -A six-member board
appointed by the
Governor to protect, promote and preserve the public health, safety and
welfare of the citizens of Georgia.
The Board is composed of five licensed, practicing veterinarians and one
consumer member.
They are responsible for the regulation of licensed veterinarians, veterinarian
technicians and faculty veterinarians in Georgia. The Board reviews
applications, administers examinations, licenses qualified applicants and
regulates the practice of licensees throughout the state. Complaints are
investigated and, if warranted, disciplinary action may be taken by the
Board. Board meetings are held approximately six times each year and are
open to the public.
, - National Association of Boards of Pharmacy - -Clients might be advised to
select an Internet pharmacy certified whose VIPPSTM program and its
accompanying seal of approval identify to the public those online pharmacies
that are appropriately licensed and prepared to practice pharmacy via the
Internet.
- If the Board office receives a complaint against a veterinarian whereby the
veterinarian will not release the records and/or a written prescription to a
patient at the patient's request, a letter from the Board will be sent via
Certified Mail to the veterinarian to release the records and/or provide a
written prescription to the patient - -within 10 days of receipt of the certified
letter, and submit proof that the records have been mailed to the patient (via
Certified Mail) to the Board within 10 days as well. The veterinarian must
either submit to the Board proof of the mailing of the records and/or written
prescription, or respond to the Board as to why the records and/or written
prescription cannot/will not be mailed within 10 days of the receipt of the
certified letter from the Board.
- If the Board office has not received proof that the records and/or written
prescription have been released to the patient, or has not received a
response from the veterinarian within 15 days of the date of the request was
mailed from the Board's office, the veterinarian will: - --Have his/her license
sanctioned by the Board with a PUBLIC REPRIMAND, which will be a
permanent part of the veterinarian's records; and Pay a $500.00 fine.
- Zoonoses - -Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
Involve many types of infectious organisms, for example, viruses, bacteria,
fungi, parasites, and prions
- Zoonotic diseases may be transmitted... - -transmitted directly from
animals to people, or indirectly through the environment or vectors such as
ticks, mosquitoes, flies, etc.
- Zoonotic diseases accounts for... - -> 60% of human infectious diseases
- Rabies - -virus (Zoonoses Transmisable via Companion Animals)
cats, dogs, ferrets
Route of transmission: saliva --> blood
- Ringworm - -dermatophytosis --> fungus (Zoonoses Transmisable via
Companion Animals)
cats, dogs, guinea pig
, Route of transmission: dermal transfer
- ***Cat scratch fever - -bartonellosis --> bacteria (Zoonoses Transmisable
via Companion Animals)
cats
Route of transmission: saliva --> blood via bite/scratch
- Scabies - -sarcoptic mange --> mite (Zoonoses Transmisable via
Companion Animals)
dogs, cats
Route of transmission: dermal transfer/dander
- Lyme disease - -bacteria (Zoonoses Transmisable via Companion Animals)
dogs, cats
Route of transmission: tick bite
- ***Toxoplasmosis - -protozoan (Zoonoses Transmisable via Companion
Animals)
cats
Route of transmission: fecal inhalation/ingestion
- ***Leptosporosis - -bacteria (Zoonoses Transmisable via Companion
Animals)
bacteria cause kidney/liver failure
dogs
Route of transmission: urine/fecal contaminated H2O
- ***intestinal parasites - -worms (Zoonoses Transmisable via Companion
Animals)
dogs, cats
Route of transmission: fecal --> oral, dermal, flea ingestion
