Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (Appling et al.)
Chapter 1 Biochemistry and the Language of Chemistry
1) The water content in the human body is approximately:
A) 90%.
B) 80%.
C) 70%.
D) 60%.
E) 50%.
Answer: C
2) The four most abundant chemical elements in living systems are:
A) hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus.
B) hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.
C) sodium, potassium, carbon and oxygen.
D) sodium, potassium, nitrogen and sulfur.
E) carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and potassium.
Answer: B
Objective: 1.2
3) Nearly all proteins contain:
A) cobalt.
B) phosphorus.
C) selenium.
D) sulfur.
E) none of the above.
Answer: D
Objective: 1.2
Global LO: G7
4) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Proteins can be structural components of cells.
B) Proteins can transmit signals between cells.
C) Proteins can transport molecules within cells and between cells.
D) Proteins can be both hormones and hormone receptors.
E) Proteins are the only biological polymer that can catalyze biochemical reactions.
Answer: E
Objective: 1.2
Global LO: G7
1
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,5) Which of the following is NOT classed as a lipid? 12) An amphipathic molecule provides the foundation for biological membranes because they
A) Cholesterol have both ________ and ________ functional groups.
B) Palmitic acid Answer: hydrophobic, hydrophilic
C) Glycerol Objective: 1.2
D) Phosphatidyl serine Global LO: G7
E) Triacylglycerol
Answer: C 13) Genomics is concerned with the entire ________, while ________ is focused on identifying
Objective: 1.2 all of the proteins of a cell.
Global LO: G7 Answer: genome, proteomics
Objective: 1.5
6) Amino acids and simple organic compounds like carbon dioxide and hydrogen cyanide cannot Global LO: G1
be produced without the use of enzymes.
Answer: FALSE
Objective: 1.2
Global LO: G7
7) Oxidation-reduction reactions, which are the basis of many biochemical reactions and
pathways, cannot take place in the absence of oxygen.
Answer: FALSE
Objective: 1.2
Global LO: G7
8) Many biochemical reactions that form biopolymers from monomeric units involve the
removal of water.
Answer: TRUE
Objective: 1.2
Global LO: G7
9) The principle component of a biological membrane is a triglyceride.
Answer: FALSE
Objective: 1.2
Global LO: G7
10) The chemical element ________ has a role in both transfer of energy as well as in the
structure of nucleic acids.
Answer: phosphorus
Objective: 1.2
Global LO: G7
11) List the four major classes of biological macromolecules.
Answer: lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids
Objective: 1.2
Global LO: G7
2 3
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,Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (Appling et al.) 6) Which of the following is TRUE of hydrophobic molecules?
Chapter 2 The Chemical Foundation of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous A) They have limited solubility in water.
Environment B) Water forms a cage-like structure around them.
C) Dissolving in water decreases the entropy of the mixture.
1) Each of the following is a noncovalent interaction EXCEPT: D) They self-associate by releasing some of the surrounding water molecules.
A) a hydrogen bond. E) All of the above
B) a carbon-hydrogen bond. Answer: E
C) the interaction between an amino and a carboxylate group. Objective: 2.3
D) a van der Waals interaction. Global LO: G2
E) an interaction between —NH3+ and a water molecule.
Answer: B 7) Water is both a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor.
Objective: 2.1 Answer: TRUE
Global LO: G7 Objective: 2.3
Global LO: G2
2) The most important noncovalent interaction in biochemistry is the ________ bond.
Answer: hydrogen 8) Amphipathic molecules are not able to interact via van der Waals forces.
Objective: 2.1 Answer: FALSE
Global LO: G7 Objective: 2.3
Global LO: G2
3) Which of the following is FALSE when considering van der Waals interactions?
A) The van der Waals radius represents the most stable distance between two interacting centers. 9) Ionic compounds can be readily dissolved in water because the high dielectric constant of
B) Van der Waals radii can determine molecular surfaces. water screens and decreases the ________ force between the oppositely charged ions.
C) Molecules that interact by van der Waals forces do not interpenetrate. Answer: electrostatic
D) The total interaction energy is the sum of the attractive and repulsive forces. Objective: 2.3
E) They are not important in determining the stability of three-dimensional structures of proteins. Global LO: G7
Answer: E
Objective: 2.2 10) The ________ describes the tendency for hydrophobic molecules to aggregate because of the
Global LO: G2 exclusion of water with the consequent increase of entropy of the solvent.
Answer: hydrophobic effect
4) Which of the following in biological compounds are sufficiently electronegative to serve as Objective: 2.3
strong donors in a hydrogen bond? Global LO: G7
A) Hydrogen and oxygen
B) Oxygen and nitrogen 11) Glycine cannot serve as a buffer because it has two ionizable groups.
C) Nitrogen and hydrogen Answer: FALSE
D) Hydrogen and carbon Objective: 2.4
E) Nitrogen and carbon Global LO: G7
Answer: B
Objective: 2.2 12) The average charge on an amino acid below its pI will be positive.
Global LO: G7 Answer: TRUE
Objective: 2.4
5) Hydrogen bonds share features of both covalent and noncovalent bonds. Global LO: G2
Answer: TRUE
Objective: 2.2 13) Calculate the acid dissociation constant Ka of a 0.2 M solution of weak acid that is 0.1%
Global LO: G2 ionized.
Answer: 2 × 10-7
Objective: 2.4
Global LO: G4
1 2
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, 21) Many proteins interact with DNA at physiological pH because:
14) Calculate the pH of a 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pKa = 6.86) that contains equal amounts of A) proteins are naturally attracted to DNA regardless of the pH.
acid and conjugate base. B) the negatively charged DNA is electrostatically attracted to positively charged regions on
Answer: 6.86 proteins.
Objective: 2.4 C) the positively charged DNA is electrostatically attracted to negatively charged regions on
Global LO: G4 proteins.
D) proteins and DNA interact using mainly hydrophobic interactions.
15) Calculate the pH of a 0.2 M acetate buffer (pKa = 4.77) that contains twice as much acid as E) both proteins and DNA are at their isoelectric points at physiological pH and tend to
conjugate base. aggregate.
Answer: 4.47 Answer: B
Objective: 2.4 Objective: 2.8
Global LO: G4 Global LO: G2
16) The pKa of each amino acid residue in a protein will not be influenced by the adjacent 22) Small ions in biological fluids:
residue. A) encourage strong electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged macroions at low ionic
Answer: FALSE strengths.
Objective: 2.5 B) encourage strong electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged macroions at high
Global LO: G2 ionic strengths.
C) have no effect on the interactions between oppositely charged macroions.
17) Calculate the pH at the end of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction if it were carried out in a 0.1 M D) tend to cluster around macroions of the same charge.
phosphate buffer, pH 6.86 and 0.005 M of acid was produced during the reaction? E) have large effects on pH.
Answer: 6.77 Answer: A
Objective: 2.5 Objective: 2.8
Global LO: G4 Global LO: G7
18) If hydroxide is added to an amino acid it will become increasingly ________ charged.
Answer: negatively
Objective: 2.6
Global LO: G7
19) Calculate the pH of a weak acid that is 0.2% ionized in a 0.2 M solution.
Answer: 3.39
Objective: 2.6
Global LO: G4
20) The net charge on an amino acid at its isoelectric point (pI) is ________.
Answer: zero
Objective: 2.7
Global LO: G7
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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1 Biochemistry and the Language of Chemistry
1) The water content in the human body is approximately:
A) 90%.
B) 80%.
C) 70%.
D) 60%.
E) 50%.
Answer: C
2) The four most abundant chemical elements in living systems are:
A) hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus.
B) hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.
C) sodium, potassium, carbon and oxygen.
D) sodium, potassium, nitrogen and sulfur.
E) carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and potassium.
Answer: B
Objective: 1.2
3) Nearly all proteins contain:
A) cobalt.
B) phosphorus.
C) selenium.
D) sulfur.
E) none of the above.
Answer: D
Objective: 1.2
Global LO: G7
4) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Proteins can be structural components of cells.
B) Proteins can transmit signals between cells.
C) Proteins can transport molecules within cells and between cells.
D) Proteins can be both hormones and hormone receptors.
E) Proteins are the only biological polymer that can catalyze biochemical reactions.
Answer: E
Objective: 1.2
Global LO: G7
1
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
,5) Which of the following is NOT classed as a lipid? 12) An amphipathic molecule provides the foundation for biological membranes because they
A) Cholesterol have both ________ and ________ functional groups.
B) Palmitic acid Answer: hydrophobic, hydrophilic
C) Glycerol Objective: 1.2
D) Phosphatidyl serine Global LO: G7
E) Triacylglycerol
Answer: C 13) Genomics is concerned with the entire ________, while ________ is focused on identifying
Objective: 1.2 all of the proteins of a cell.
Global LO: G7 Answer: genome, proteomics
Objective: 1.5
6) Amino acids and simple organic compounds like carbon dioxide and hydrogen cyanide cannot Global LO: G1
be produced without the use of enzymes.
Answer: FALSE
Objective: 1.2
Global LO: G7
7) Oxidation-reduction reactions, which are the basis of many biochemical reactions and
pathways, cannot take place in the absence of oxygen.
Answer: FALSE
Objective: 1.2
Global LO: G7
8) Many biochemical reactions that form biopolymers from monomeric units involve the
removal of water.
Answer: TRUE
Objective: 1.2
Global LO: G7
9) The principle component of a biological membrane is a triglyceride.
Answer: FALSE
Objective: 1.2
Global LO: G7
10) The chemical element ________ has a role in both transfer of energy as well as in the
structure of nucleic acids.
Answer: phosphorus
Objective: 1.2
Global LO: G7
11) List the four major classes of biological macromolecules.
Answer: lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids
Objective: 1.2
Global LO: G7
2 3
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
,Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (Appling et al.) 6) Which of the following is TRUE of hydrophobic molecules?
Chapter 2 The Chemical Foundation of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous A) They have limited solubility in water.
Environment B) Water forms a cage-like structure around them.
C) Dissolving in water decreases the entropy of the mixture.
1) Each of the following is a noncovalent interaction EXCEPT: D) They self-associate by releasing some of the surrounding water molecules.
A) a hydrogen bond. E) All of the above
B) a carbon-hydrogen bond. Answer: E
C) the interaction between an amino and a carboxylate group. Objective: 2.3
D) a van der Waals interaction. Global LO: G2
E) an interaction between —NH3+ and a water molecule.
Answer: B 7) Water is both a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor.
Objective: 2.1 Answer: TRUE
Global LO: G7 Objective: 2.3
Global LO: G2
2) The most important noncovalent interaction in biochemistry is the ________ bond.
Answer: hydrogen 8) Amphipathic molecules are not able to interact via van der Waals forces.
Objective: 2.1 Answer: FALSE
Global LO: G7 Objective: 2.3
Global LO: G2
3) Which of the following is FALSE when considering van der Waals interactions?
A) The van der Waals radius represents the most stable distance between two interacting centers. 9) Ionic compounds can be readily dissolved in water because the high dielectric constant of
B) Van der Waals radii can determine molecular surfaces. water screens and decreases the ________ force between the oppositely charged ions.
C) Molecules that interact by van der Waals forces do not interpenetrate. Answer: electrostatic
D) The total interaction energy is the sum of the attractive and repulsive forces. Objective: 2.3
E) They are not important in determining the stability of three-dimensional structures of proteins. Global LO: G7
Answer: E
Objective: 2.2 10) The ________ describes the tendency for hydrophobic molecules to aggregate because of the
Global LO: G2 exclusion of water with the consequent increase of entropy of the solvent.
Answer: hydrophobic effect
4) Which of the following in biological compounds are sufficiently electronegative to serve as Objective: 2.3
strong donors in a hydrogen bond? Global LO: G7
A) Hydrogen and oxygen
B) Oxygen and nitrogen 11) Glycine cannot serve as a buffer because it has two ionizable groups.
C) Nitrogen and hydrogen Answer: FALSE
D) Hydrogen and carbon Objective: 2.4
E) Nitrogen and carbon Global LO: G7
Answer: B
Objective: 2.2 12) The average charge on an amino acid below its pI will be positive.
Global LO: G7 Answer: TRUE
Objective: 2.4
5) Hydrogen bonds share features of both covalent and noncovalent bonds. Global LO: G2
Answer: TRUE
Objective: 2.2 13) Calculate the acid dissociation constant Ka of a 0.2 M solution of weak acid that is 0.1%
Global LO: G2 ionized.
Answer: 2 × 10-7
Objective: 2.4
Global LO: G4
1 2
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 21) Many proteins interact with DNA at physiological pH because:
14) Calculate the pH of a 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pKa = 6.86) that contains equal amounts of A) proteins are naturally attracted to DNA regardless of the pH.
acid and conjugate base. B) the negatively charged DNA is electrostatically attracted to positively charged regions on
Answer: 6.86 proteins.
Objective: 2.4 C) the positively charged DNA is electrostatically attracted to negatively charged regions on
Global LO: G4 proteins.
D) proteins and DNA interact using mainly hydrophobic interactions.
15) Calculate the pH of a 0.2 M acetate buffer (pKa = 4.77) that contains twice as much acid as E) both proteins and DNA are at their isoelectric points at physiological pH and tend to
conjugate base. aggregate.
Answer: 4.47 Answer: B
Objective: 2.4 Objective: 2.8
Global LO: G4 Global LO: G2
16) The pKa of each amino acid residue in a protein will not be influenced by the adjacent 22) Small ions in biological fluids:
residue. A) encourage strong electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged macroions at low ionic
Answer: FALSE strengths.
Objective: 2.5 B) encourage strong electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged macroions at high
Global LO: G2 ionic strengths.
C) have no effect on the interactions between oppositely charged macroions.
17) Calculate the pH at the end of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction if it were carried out in a 0.1 M D) tend to cluster around macroions of the same charge.
phosphate buffer, pH 6.86 and 0.005 M of acid was produced during the reaction? E) have large effects on pH.
Answer: 6.77 Answer: A
Objective: 2.5 Objective: 2.8
Global LO: G4 Global LO: G7
18) If hydroxide is added to an amino acid it will become increasingly ________ charged.
Answer: negatively
Objective: 2.6
Global LO: G7
19) Calculate the pH of a weak acid that is 0.2% ionized in a 0.2 M solution.
Answer: 3.39
Objective: 2.6
Global LO: G4
20) The net charge on an amino acid at its isoelectric point (pI) is ________.
Answer: zero
Objective: 2.7
Global LO: G7
3 4
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