, The Earth’s Magnetic Field
• Ancient mariners used needles of lodestone (now known as
magnetite (Fe₃O₄)) as compasses to as it aligns itself in the north
south direction.
• In 1600, William Gilbert noted that the Earth behaves ‘like a giant
magnet’. Its field is represented using a bar magnet along the axis of
the Earth’s rotation.
• The needle lies vertical at the magnetic poles and horizontal at the
equator.