Zoology Exam 1 (Kingdom Animalia)
Exam Questions with Complete
Answers
3 body types for sponges - Answer--asconoid
-syconoid
-leuconoid
Asconoid - Answer--simplest
-central spongocoel
-small and tube-shaped
-limitations (food collection and limits to small and tube shaped)
-by being small and vase shaped, they can take more food in
Syconoid - Answer--tubular
-folded spongocoel wall
-water flow (1. incurrent canals 2. choanocyte lined radial canals 3. spongocoel 4.
out the osculum)
Leuconoid - Answer--complex organization
-increase in size
-increase in food collection
1. ostium >>> incurrent canals
2. flagellated chambers
3. excurrent canals
4. numerous oscula
Class Calcarea - Answer-Phylum Porifera
-CaCO3 spicules
-all three body types
-tend to be small (10cm or less)
-tubular or vase shaped
-Scypha (Grantia) (genus)
Class Hexactinellida (glass sponges) - Answer-Phylum Porifera
-six rayed siliceous spicules only
-deep sea forms
-syconoid or leuconoid arrangement
Class Demospongiae - Answer-Phylum Porifera
-95% of all sponges
-spicules are siliceous
-may be bound together by spongin (flexible)
-predominately leuconoid
-bath sponges- horny sponges (spongin skeletons)
, Phylum Porifera Asexual reproduction - Answer-1.Regeneration-ability to repair
injuries and restore lost parts
2. Somatic embryogenesis- entire new sponges can develop from fragments
3. Bud formation- external buds detach from the parent either form a new sponge or
form a colony
Bud formation:
-internal buds (gemmules)
-archaeocytes collect in the mesohyl
-parent dies, and the gemmules remain dormant
Phylum Porifera Sexual reproduction - Answer--most are monoecious
(hermaphroditic)- male and female sex cells in one individual
1) sperm are released and taken into another individual
2) Choanocytes phagocytize the sperm
3) Fertilization and development occur (inside the cell)
4) Free swimming larva are released through spongocoel (or osculum)-->settle
dioecious - Answer-having separate sexes on an organism
monoecious; hermaphrodite - Answer-having both sexes on the same organisms
Phylum Cnidaria - Answer--true tissues
-sea anemones, corals, jellyfish
-cnidocytes- stinging cells
-mostly marine
-some are commensals of other organsims
Phylum Cnidaria Asexual Reproduction - Answer-1. budding- tissue forms on the
side of an individual
2. fission- an individual divides in half as one side pulls away from the other
3. pedal laceration- tissue torn away from pedal disc develops into new polyp
Phylum Cnidaria Characteristics - Answer-1) Diploblastic- 2 true tissue layers
(epidermis and gastrodermis
2)Gastrovascular cavity (single opening-mouth)
3)Cnidocytes- contain stinging nematocyts (shoots out when come in contact with
something); prey capture and defence
4)Radial symmetry
5)2 body types: polyp (upside down medusae that is attached); medusae (typical
form- umbrella mouth on underside and hangs)
6) Feeding and Digestion (carnivourous; extracellular and intracellular)
7)no central nervous system (brain)
8)hydrostatic skeleton- uses fluid inside of organism to move(lengthwise (epidermal
cells); circular (gastrodermis-act on the water filled gastrovascular cavity)
9)locomotion-extension of body parts (like hydras); somersaulting; drifting with
currents
10)gas exchange and excretion by diffusion (across the body wall)
Exam Questions with Complete
Answers
3 body types for sponges - Answer--asconoid
-syconoid
-leuconoid
Asconoid - Answer--simplest
-central spongocoel
-small and tube-shaped
-limitations (food collection and limits to small and tube shaped)
-by being small and vase shaped, they can take more food in
Syconoid - Answer--tubular
-folded spongocoel wall
-water flow (1. incurrent canals 2. choanocyte lined radial canals 3. spongocoel 4.
out the osculum)
Leuconoid - Answer--complex organization
-increase in size
-increase in food collection
1. ostium >>> incurrent canals
2. flagellated chambers
3. excurrent canals
4. numerous oscula
Class Calcarea - Answer-Phylum Porifera
-CaCO3 spicules
-all three body types
-tend to be small (10cm or less)
-tubular or vase shaped
-Scypha (Grantia) (genus)
Class Hexactinellida (glass sponges) - Answer-Phylum Porifera
-six rayed siliceous spicules only
-deep sea forms
-syconoid or leuconoid arrangement
Class Demospongiae - Answer-Phylum Porifera
-95% of all sponges
-spicules are siliceous
-may be bound together by spongin (flexible)
-predominately leuconoid
-bath sponges- horny sponges (spongin skeletons)
, Phylum Porifera Asexual reproduction - Answer-1.Regeneration-ability to repair
injuries and restore lost parts
2. Somatic embryogenesis- entire new sponges can develop from fragments
3. Bud formation- external buds detach from the parent either form a new sponge or
form a colony
Bud formation:
-internal buds (gemmules)
-archaeocytes collect in the mesohyl
-parent dies, and the gemmules remain dormant
Phylum Porifera Sexual reproduction - Answer--most are monoecious
(hermaphroditic)- male and female sex cells in one individual
1) sperm are released and taken into another individual
2) Choanocytes phagocytize the sperm
3) Fertilization and development occur (inside the cell)
4) Free swimming larva are released through spongocoel (or osculum)-->settle
dioecious - Answer-having separate sexes on an organism
monoecious; hermaphrodite - Answer-having both sexes on the same organisms
Phylum Cnidaria - Answer--true tissues
-sea anemones, corals, jellyfish
-cnidocytes- stinging cells
-mostly marine
-some are commensals of other organsims
Phylum Cnidaria Asexual Reproduction - Answer-1. budding- tissue forms on the
side of an individual
2. fission- an individual divides in half as one side pulls away from the other
3. pedal laceration- tissue torn away from pedal disc develops into new polyp
Phylum Cnidaria Characteristics - Answer-1) Diploblastic- 2 true tissue layers
(epidermis and gastrodermis
2)Gastrovascular cavity (single opening-mouth)
3)Cnidocytes- contain stinging nematocyts (shoots out when come in contact with
something); prey capture and defence
4)Radial symmetry
5)2 body types: polyp (upside down medusae that is attached); medusae (typical
form- umbrella mouth on underside and hangs)
6) Feeding and Digestion (carnivourous; extracellular and intracellular)
7)no central nervous system (brain)
8)hydrostatic skeleton- uses fluid inside of organism to move(lengthwise (epidermal
cells); circular (gastrodermis-act on the water filled gastrovascular cavity)
9)locomotion-extension of body parts (like hydras); somersaulting; drifting with
currents
10)gas exchange and excretion by diffusion (across the body wall)
