Uvic Bio 215 Final Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Solved
Doha Amendment to the kyoto protocol o the second amendment period 2012-2020
Canada signs with the Copenhagen agreement 2009 which is a non-binding reduction to reduce
greenhouse emissions by 17% for 2020 in 2015 they were producing more not less than
2005, now Canada says that they will reduce emissions by 30% below 2005 levels
IUNC established 1948 protected area is an area of land and or seas especially dedicated
to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity and of natural and associated cultural
resources and managed through legal or effective means
6 IUCN protected area management categories and their definitions are - Strict Nature
reserve/wildernes area
- National and provincial Park
- National monument
-Habitat/species management intervention
-protected landscape/seascape
-manaaged resourse
Global trends in protected lands N=169 countries global rends in protected lands
Countries with the greatest percentage protected areas Seychelles
Slovakia
Greenland
Protected area Brazil ~29%
,Ecuador ~22%
US ~ 13%
Canada ~ 11%
Gwaii Haans National Marine Conservation area reserve and haida heritage site -
campaign 1975-1985 environmental groups for terminating logging and minning groups
- opp logging companies Govt BC
Land use in BC More than 80% of the total forest area has never been harvested but
most will be
What is credited to protest groups 167 new protected areas or park additions totalling
over 2.7 million hectors have been created since 1992 over60% is alpine
of the 100 terrestrial ecosections in BC 34 0-1% of their area protected
12 have 1-3%
11 have 3-6 protected
16 have 6-12
27 mainly mountaintops have more than 12% protected
11% of the midelevation old growth protected
only 3% of low elevated old growth 3%
Major iUCN concerns 1.paper parks
2.Design shortcomings (area of low diversity, bad placement too small)
3.Internal threats to protected areas infringements poaching fires disease groundwater
reduction invasive species highways
4. external threats ex damsn atmosphereic rain
5. trans international boundary effects (migration corridors)
, Yellowstone poaching 5000 violations/documented 1:20 detection
International implementation of marine areas that excluded commercial extraction of fish (No-
take zones) Resulting benefits 1) increased abundance of fish
2) increased presence of larger fish reproductive increase
3) increased species diversity
4) recovery of competitors, biodiversity and ecosystem processes
IUCN global protections 15% of total land area protected
1% protected as no take zone
Minimum viable population (MVP) 90% of genetic variability after 200 years
Minimum viobale area (MVA) to maintain genetic variability after 200 years
Classification of probability of extinciton (P) 0.1 P in 100 is safe
0.2 P in 20 years Vunerable
0.5 P in 10 yrs Endnagered
>0.5 P in 10y Critically endangered
P = probaility of extinction
6 strata A emergent trees 60m over discontinuous sympodial growth
B- up to 20m continuous tress
C- lowest trees continuous canopy
D- shrub layer tall hurbs and ferms
E gound layer herbaceous plants
Answers 100% Solved
Doha Amendment to the kyoto protocol o the second amendment period 2012-2020
Canada signs with the Copenhagen agreement 2009 which is a non-binding reduction to reduce
greenhouse emissions by 17% for 2020 in 2015 they were producing more not less than
2005, now Canada says that they will reduce emissions by 30% below 2005 levels
IUNC established 1948 protected area is an area of land and or seas especially dedicated
to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity and of natural and associated cultural
resources and managed through legal or effective means
6 IUCN protected area management categories and their definitions are - Strict Nature
reserve/wildernes area
- National and provincial Park
- National monument
-Habitat/species management intervention
-protected landscape/seascape
-manaaged resourse
Global trends in protected lands N=169 countries global rends in protected lands
Countries with the greatest percentage protected areas Seychelles
Slovakia
Greenland
Protected area Brazil ~29%
,Ecuador ~22%
US ~ 13%
Canada ~ 11%
Gwaii Haans National Marine Conservation area reserve and haida heritage site -
campaign 1975-1985 environmental groups for terminating logging and minning groups
- opp logging companies Govt BC
Land use in BC More than 80% of the total forest area has never been harvested but
most will be
What is credited to protest groups 167 new protected areas or park additions totalling
over 2.7 million hectors have been created since 1992 over60% is alpine
of the 100 terrestrial ecosections in BC 34 0-1% of their area protected
12 have 1-3%
11 have 3-6 protected
16 have 6-12
27 mainly mountaintops have more than 12% protected
11% of the midelevation old growth protected
only 3% of low elevated old growth 3%
Major iUCN concerns 1.paper parks
2.Design shortcomings (area of low diversity, bad placement too small)
3.Internal threats to protected areas infringements poaching fires disease groundwater
reduction invasive species highways
4. external threats ex damsn atmosphereic rain
5. trans international boundary effects (migration corridors)
, Yellowstone poaching 5000 violations/documented 1:20 detection
International implementation of marine areas that excluded commercial extraction of fish (No-
take zones) Resulting benefits 1) increased abundance of fish
2) increased presence of larger fish reproductive increase
3) increased species diversity
4) recovery of competitors, biodiversity and ecosystem processes
IUCN global protections 15% of total land area protected
1% protected as no take zone
Minimum viable population (MVP) 90% of genetic variability after 200 years
Minimum viobale area (MVA) to maintain genetic variability after 200 years
Classification of probability of extinciton (P) 0.1 P in 100 is safe
0.2 P in 20 years Vunerable
0.5 P in 10 yrs Endnagered
>0.5 P in 10y Critically endangered
P = probaility of extinction
6 strata A emergent trees 60m over discontinuous sympodial growth
B- up to 20m continuous tress
C- lowest trees continuous canopy
D- shrub layer tall hurbs and ferms
E gound layer herbaceous plants
