MGM 101 FINAL EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH 100%
Locus of control - Extent to which people believe that their behaviour has a real effect on what
happens to them
Self-efficacy - Belief about the capabilities to perform a task.
Authoritarianism - Belief that power and status differences are appropriate within social systems
such as orgs.
Machiavellianism - Behaviour that is designed to gain power and control.
Risk propensity - Person is willing to take chances and make risky decisions.
Cognition - Knowledge a person has about someone or something.
Cognitive dissonance - Occurs when two sets of perceptions are contradictory or incongruent, or
when people behave in a way that is inconsistent with their attitudes.
The person-job fit - Extent to which a person's contributions and the org's inducements match one
another.
Classical theory of motivation - Assumes that workers are motivated solely by money. When paid
more, more will be produced.
Hawthorne effect - Early behavioural theory. Tendency for workers productivity to increase when
they feel they are getting special attention from management.
Behavioural theory in the mid-twentieth century - Theory X and theory Y, Maslow's hierarchy,
McClelland's three needs theory, Herzberg's two factor theory.
Contemporary motivation theory - Expectancy theory and equity theory.
, Reinforcement - Applying or withholding positive or negative consequences to motivate employees
to exhibit behaviour the manager wants.
Goal setting theory - SMART goals and management by objectives MBO.
Participative management and empowerment - Tapping into workers' knowledge about their job,
encouraging them to be self-motivated to make suggestions for improvements.
Job enrichment - Adding one or more motivating factors to a job, vertical expansion.
The trait approach - Focused on identifying the essential traits that distinguished leaders.
The behavioural approach - Focused on determining what behaviours are employed by leaders.
Three main leadership styles - Autocratic, democratic, free-rein/laissez-faire.
Situational approach - Appropriate leadership behaviour varies from one situation to another.
Time utility - Creating something at a time when consumers want it.
Place utility - Making a product available in a place convenient for consumers.
Ownership/possession utility - Making a product that consumers can take pleasure in owning.
Form utility - Turning raw materials into finished goods.
Operations or product management - Systematic direction and control of the process that transform
resources into finished goods and services. Operations managers bring raw materials, equipment,
and labour together under a production plan. Effectively using all the resources available in the
production facility.
Analytic and synthetic processes - Breaks down basic resources into their component parts.
Combines several raw materials to produce a finished product.
Locus of control - Extent to which people believe that their behaviour has a real effect on what
happens to them
Self-efficacy - Belief about the capabilities to perform a task.
Authoritarianism - Belief that power and status differences are appropriate within social systems
such as orgs.
Machiavellianism - Behaviour that is designed to gain power and control.
Risk propensity - Person is willing to take chances and make risky decisions.
Cognition - Knowledge a person has about someone or something.
Cognitive dissonance - Occurs when two sets of perceptions are contradictory or incongruent, or
when people behave in a way that is inconsistent with their attitudes.
The person-job fit - Extent to which a person's contributions and the org's inducements match one
another.
Classical theory of motivation - Assumes that workers are motivated solely by money. When paid
more, more will be produced.
Hawthorne effect - Early behavioural theory. Tendency for workers productivity to increase when
they feel they are getting special attention from management.
Behavioural theory in the mid-twentieth century - Theory X and theory Y, Maslow's hierarchy,
McClelland's three needs theory, Herzberg's two factor theory.
Contemporary motivation theory - Expectancy theory and equity theory.
, Reinforcement - Applying or withholding positive or negative consequences to motivate employees
to exhibit behaviour the manager wants.
Goal setting theory - SMART goals and management by objectives MBO.
Participative management and empowerment - Tapping into workers' knowledge about their job,
encouraging them to be self-motivated to make suggestions for improvements.
Job enrichment - Adding one or more motivating factors to a job, vertical expansion.
The trait approach - Focused on identifying the essential traits that distinguished leaders.
The behavioural approach - Focused on determining what behaviours are employed by leaders.
Three main leadership styles - Autocratic, democratic, free-rein/laissez-faire.
Situational approach - Appropriate leadership behaviour varies from one situation to another.
Time utility - Creating something at a time when consumers want it.
Place utility - Making a product available in a place convenient for consumers.
Ownership/possession utility - Making a product that consumers can take pleasure in owning.
Form utility - Turning raw materials into finished goods.
Operations or product management - Systematic direction and control of the process that transform
resources into finished goods and services. Operations managers bring raw materials, equipment,
and labour together under a production plan. Effectively using all the resources available in the
production facility.
Analytic and synthetic processes - Breaks down basic resources into their component parts.
Combines several raw materials to produce a finished product.
