DNA Mutation and Repair UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What is any change made to the DNA sequence or chromosome structure? - CORRECT
ANSWER - mutation
Although mutation can lead to death/disease, it can also create what? - CORRECT
ANSWER - new alleles
Are mutations permanent? - CORRECT ANSWER - yes
are mutations random? - CORRECT ANSWER - yes
How are mutations? - CORRECT ANSWER - by...
a) size
b) what causes them
c) compatibility with life
d) how environmental conditions affect it
e) if it reverses that effect of a previous mutation
What is it called when large segments of chromosomes are deleted, inverted, moved, or
duplicated? - CORRECT ANSWER - chromosomal mutations
What is it called when there are smaller changes in the DNA sequence? Even one or a few
nucleotides? - CORRECT ANSWER - gene mutations
if mutations were due to natural biochemical events, what kind of mutation is this? - CORRECT
ANSWER - spontaneous
,if mutations were helped along by some artificial factor (chemical, radiation, viral), what kind of
a mutation is this? - CORRECT ANSWER - induced
What type of mutations arise int he DNA of somatic cells? (which are normal diploid) -
CORRECT ANSWER - somatic
True or false: somatic mutations are passed onto the next generations. - CORRECT
ANSWER - false, they are never
if mutations develop earlier in development, is it worse or better? - CORRECT ANSWER -
worse
what type of mutation is it if they arise in the DNA of gamete-forming tissue? - CORRECT
ANSWER - germ-line
are germ-line mutations passed on? - CORRECT ANSWER - yes, they are transmitted to the
offspring and onto future generations
what type of mutation is incompatible with life? - CORRECT ANSWER - lethal mutation
what type of mutation is it when it leads to prenatal death? - CORRECT ANSWER -
embryonic lethal mutation
if the mutation only produces an effect under certain environmental conditions, such as hot
temperature, what is it called? the environment doesn't cause it--it just allows the mutations to be
expressed - CORRECT ANSWER - conditional mutation
what is it called when the mutation reverses (suppresses) the effect of a previous mutation -
CORRECT ANSWER - suppressor mutations
, What are the two types of suppressor mutations? - CORRECT ANSWER - intragenic,
intergenic
what occurs during an intragenic mutation? - CORRECT ANSWER - mutation 1 alters protein
structure, but mutation 2 alters it back
what occurs during an intergenic mutation? - CORRECT ANSWER - This is when there is a
second mutation in a totally different gene. mutant protein 1 is defective, so mutant protein 2
does the job of protein 1
what are the three ways in which small gene mutations come in? - CORRECT ANSWER -
silent mutation, missense mutation, and nonsense mutation
what type of mutation has no effect, and is usually seen if the 3rd nucleotide of a codon changed
- CORRECT ANSWER - silent
what type of mutation causes the wrong amino acid to be inserted? - CORRECT ANSWER -
missense mutation
What are three examples of missense mutations? - CORRECT ANSWER - sickle-cell, cystic
fibrosis, tay-sach's
what type of mutation is it if the change turns the codon into a stop codon and causes the
polypeptide to stop growing? - CORRECT ANSWER - nonsense mutation
what is it called when cells end up with an extra chromosome? - CORRECT ANSWER -
aneuploidy
what is it called when cells end up with extra sets of chromosome? - CORRECT ANSWER -
polyploidy
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What is any change made to the DNA sequence or chromosome structure? - CORRECT
ANSWER - mutation
Although mutation can lead to death/disease, it can also create what? - CORRECT
ANSWER - new alleles
Are mutations permanent? - CORRECT ANSWER - yes
are mutations random? - CORRECT ANSWER - yes
How are mutations? - CORRECT ANSWER - by...
a) size
b) what causes them
c) compatibility with life
d) how environmental conditions affect it
e) if it reverses that effect of a previous mutation
What is it called when large segments of chromosomes are deleted, inverted, moved, or
duplicated? - CORRECT ANSWER - chromosomal mutations
What is it called when there are smaller changes in the DNA sequence? Even one or a few
nucleotides? - CORRECT ANSWER - gene mutations
if mutations were due to natural biochemical events, what kind of mutation is this? - CORRECT
ANSWER - spontaneous
,if mutations were helped along by some artificial factor (chemical, radiation, viral), what kind of
a mutation is this? - CORRECT ANSWER - induced
What type of mutations arise int he DNA of somatic cells? (which are normal diploid) -
CORRECT ANSWER - somatic
True or false: somatic mutations are passed onto the next generations. - CORRECT
ANSWER - false, they are never
if mutations develop earlier in development, is it worse or better? - CORRECT ANSWER -
worse
what type of mutation is it if they arise in the DNA of gamete-forming tissue? - CORRECT
ANSWER - germ-line
are germ-line mutations passed on? - CORRECT ANSWER - yes, they are transmitted to the
offspring and onto future generations
what type of mutation is incompatible with life? - CORRECT ANSWER - lethal mutation
what type of mutation is it when it leads to prenatal death? - CORRECT ANSWER -
embryonic lethal mutation
if the mutation only produces an effect under certain environmental conditions, such as hot
temperature, what is it called? the environment doesn't cause it--it just allows the mutations to be
expressed - CORRECT ANSWER - conditional mutation
what is it called when the mutation reverses (suppresses) the effect of a previous mutation -
CORRECT ANSWER - suppressor mutations
, What are the two types of suppressor mutations? - CORRECT ANSWER - intragenic,
intergenic
what occurs during an intragenic mutation? - CORRECT ANSWER - mutation 1 alters protein
structure, but mutation 2 alters it back
what occurs during an intergenic mutation? - CORRECT ANSWER - This is when there is a
second mutation in a totally different gene. mutant protein 1 is defective, so mutant protein 2
does the job of protein 1
what are the three ways in which small gene mutations come in? - CORRECT ANSWER -
silent mutation, missense mutation, and nonsense mutation
what type of mutation has no effect, and is usually seen if the 3rd nucleotide of a codon changed
- CORRECT ANSWER - silent
what type of mutation causes the wrong amino acid to be inserted? - CORRECT ANSWER -
missense mutation
What are three examples of missense mutations? - CORRECT ANSWER - sickle-cell, cystic
fibrosis, tay-sach's
what type of mutation is it if the change turns the codon into a stop codon and causes the
polypeptide to stop growing? - CORRECT ANSWER - nonsense mutation
what is it called when cells end up with an extra chromosome? - CORRECT ANSWER -
aneuploidy
what is it called when cells end up with extra sets of chromosome? - CORRECT ANSWER -
polyploidy
