PAEA Orthopedics EOR Questions and Answers|
Latest Update
olecranon bursitis -inflammation of the bursa over the boney prominences
-causes: gout, inflammation, direct trauma, infection
-abrupt "goose egg" swelling (boggy red elbow), limited ROM w/ flexion
rest, NSAIDs, ice, padding, local steroid injection tx for bursitis
septic bursitis -type of bursitis
-dx: bursa aspiration-WBC count >2,000 cells/mm^3, gram stain and culture
bennett, rolando's fracture _____ is an intraarticular fracture through the base of the first
metacarpal bone
_____ is a comminuted version of the fracture above
salter-harris classification of fractures
-TI: fracture through growth plate only (best outcome)
-TII: growth plate fracture + fracture of metaphysis **MC (good prognosis)
-TIII: growth plate fracture + fracture of epiphysis (good prognosis)
-TIV: fracture extending through metaphysis, growth plate, & epiphysis (needs reduction)
-TV: growth plate compression=worst type (may arrest growth) -growth (epiphyseal) plate
fractures
,-4 types
-TI:
-TII:
-TIII:
-TIV:
-TV:
spondylolysis -pars interarticularis defect, MC form of back pain in children and
adolescents
-MC L5-S1
-caused by failure of fusion or stress fracture (repetitive hyperextension trauma (football players,
gymnasts)
-lower back pain, +/- sciatica sx
-dx: broken neck of "scotty dog" on X-ray
symptomatic relief, activity restriction, PT, bracing tx of spondylolysis
spondylolisthesis -forward slipping of a vertebra on another
-MC 10-15 y/o
-lower back pain, +/- sciatica sx
-can cause bowel/bladder dysfunction
-low grade: tx like spondylolysis
,-high grade: surgical tx of spondyloisthesis
compartment syndrome -muscle/nerve ischemia (decreased tissue perfusion) when closed
muscle compartment pressure> perfusion pressure
-caused by trauma (MC after fracture of long bones, crush injuries, tight casts, thermal burns
-6 Ps: pain out of proportion to injury, pallor, paralysis, parasthesias, pulslessness, poikilothermia
-earliest indicator is pain on passive stretching
>30-45, < 20-30 dx of compartment syndrome included increased intracompartmental
pressure ____mmHg, delta pressure _______mmHg
fasciotomy tx of compartment syndrome
osteogenesis imperfecta -genetic mutation for type I collagen (necessary for bone
integrity), "brittle bone disease"
-associated severe osteoporosis, spontaneous fractures in childhood
-blue-tinted sclerae and presenile deafness
-abnormal tooth development, defective middle ear bones cause deafness, floppy heart valves
fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive (FOP) -rare, single gene mutation disorder
-muscle tissue and connective tissue/ligaments are gradually replaced by bone
-noticable in early childhood-starts with neck and shoulders and proceeds down body and into
limbs
, -characteristic feature: abnormal development of toes**
-tx is difficult b/c surgery may trigger more ossification
corticosteroids, NSAIDs tx of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive (FOP)
fibrous dysplasia -benign nodular growth of fibrous and bone tissue=affects growing
bones in children
-disfigurement, fracture
McCune-albright syndrome -genetic disorder, suspected when two of the three following
features are present:
-endocrine hyperfunction: precocious puberty
-polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
-unilateral cafe-au-lait spots
-smaller metacarpals/metatarsals
aneurysmal bone cyst -cyst-like lesion in bone
-cause unknown
-composed of large, richly vascular cysts containing pools of blood that expand and erode normal
bone
suppurative flexor tenosynovitis -infection of the flexor tendon synovial sheath of the
finger
Latest Update
olecranon bursitis -inflammation of the bursa over the boney prominences
-causes: gout, inflammation, direct trauma, infection
-abrupt "goose egg" swelling (boggy red elbow), limited ROM w/ flexion
rest, NSAIDs, ice, padding, local steroid injection tx for bursitis
septic bursitis -type of bursitis
-dx: bursa aspiration-WBC count >2,000 cells/mm^3, gram stain and culture
bennett, rolando's fracture _____ is an intraarticular fracture through the base of the first
metacarpal bone
_____ is a comminuted version of the fracture above
salter-harris classification of fractures
-TI: fracture through growth plate only (best outcome)
-TII: growth plate fracture + fracture of metaphysis **MC (good prognosis)
-TIII: growth plate fracture + fracture of epiphysis (good prognosis)
-TIV: fracture extending through metaphysis, growth plate, & epiphysis (needs reduction)
-TV: growth plate compression=worst type (may arrest growth) -growth (epiphyseal) plate
fractures
,-4 types
-TI:
-TII:
-TIII:
-TIV:
-TV:
spondylolysis -pars interarticularis defect, MC form of back pain in children and
adolescents
-MC L5-S1
-caused by failure of fusion or stress fracture (repetitive hyperextension trauma (football players,
gymnasts)
-lower back pain, +/- sciatica sx
-dx: broken neck of "scotty dog" on X-ray
symptomatic relief, activity restriction, PT, bracing tx of spondylolysis
spondylolisthesis -forward slipping of a vertebra on another
-MC 10-15 y/o
-lower back pain, +/- sciatica sx
-can cause bowel/bladder dysfunction
-low grade: tx like spondylolysis
,-high grade: surgical tx of spondyloisthesis
compartment syndrome -muscle/nerve ischemia (decreased tissue perfusion) when closed
muscle compartment pressure> perfusion pressure
-caused by trauma (MC after fracture of long bones, crush injuries, tight casts, thermal burns
-6 Ps: pain out of proportion to injury, pallor, paralysis, parasthesias, pulslessness, poikilothermia
-earliest indicator is pain on passive stretching
>30-45, < 20-30 dx of compartment syndrome included increased intracompartmental
pressure ____mmHg, delta pressure _______mmHg
fasciotomy tx of compartment syndrome
osteogenesis imperfecta -genetic mutation for type I collagen (necessary for bone
integrity), "brittle bone disease"
-associated severe osteoporosis, spontaneous fractures in childhood
-blue-tinted sclerae and presenile deafness
-abnormal tooth development, defective middle ear bones cause deafness, floppy heart valves
fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive (FOP) -rare, single gene mutation disorder
-muscle tissue and connective tissue/ligaments are gradually replaced by bone
-noticable in early childhood-starts with neck and shoulders and proceeds down body and into
limbs
, -characteristic feature: abnormal development of toes**
-tx is difficult b/c surgery may trigger more ossification
corticosteroids, NSAIDs tx of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive (FOP)
fibrous dysplasia -benign nodular growth of fibrous and bone tissue=affects growing
bones in children
-disfigurement, fracture
McCune-albright syndrome -genetic disorder, suspected when two of the three following
features are present:
-endocrine hyperfunction: precocious puberty
-polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
-unilateral cafe-au-lait spots
-smaller metacarpals/metatarsals
aneurysmal bone cyst -cyst-like lesion in bone
-cause unknown
-composed of large, richly vascular cysts containing pools of blood that expand and erode normal
bone
suppurative flexor tenosynovitis -infection of the flexor tendon synovial sheath of the
finger
