k 40th kAnniversarykEdition k
DATAB AS E PR O C ES SI N G
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
FUNDAMENTALS, DE SIGN, AND IMPLEMENTATION
k k k
David M. Kroenke
k k David J. Auer
k k Scott L. Vandenberg
k k Robert C. Yoder
k k
FIFTEENTHk EDITION
, OTHER kMISkTITLESkOFkINTEREST
IntroductorykMIS DecisionkSupportkSystems
ExperiencingkMIS,k8/e BusinesskIntelligence,kAnalytics,kandkDatakSci
Kroenkek&kBoylek©2019 ence,k4/e
Sharda, kDelenk&kTurbank©2018
UsingkMIS,k10/e
Kroenkek&kBoylek©2018 BusinesskIntelligencekandkAnalytics:kSystemskf
orkDecisionkSupport,k10/e
ManagementkInformationkSystems,k15/e Sharda, kDelenk&kTurbank©2014
Laudonk&k Laudonk©2018
EssentialskofkMIS,k13/e DatakCommunicationsk&kNetworking
Laudonk&k Laudonk©2019 AppliedkNetworkingkLabs,k2/e
Processes,kSystems,kandkInformation:kAnkI Boylek ©2014
ntroductionktokMIS,k3/e DigitalkBusinesskNetworks
McKinney k &k Kroenkek ©2019 Dooley k ©2014
InformationkSystemskToday,k8/e BusinesskDatakNetworkskandkSecurity,k11/e
Valacichk &k Schneiderk ©2018 Panko k&kPanko k©2019
IntroductionktokInformationkSystems,k3/e
Wallacek ©2018 ElectronickCommerce
E-
Database commercek2018:kBusiness.kTechnology.kS
Hands-onk Database,k 2/e ociety,k14/e
Congerk ©2014 Laudonk&kTraverk©2019
Modernk Databasek Management,k 13/e EnterprisekResourcekPlanning
Hoffer, kRameshk&kTopik©2019
EnterprisekSystemskforkManagement,k2/e
Databasek Concepts,k 8/e Motiwallak&k Thompsonk ©2012
Kroenke, kAuer, kVandenbergk&kYoderk©2018
ProjectkManagement
DatabasekProcessing,k15/e
Kroenke, kAuer, kVandenbergk&kYoderk©2019 ProjectkManagement:kProcess,kTechnologykan
dkPractice
SystemskAnalysiskandkDesign Vaidyanathank©2013
ModernkSystemskAnalysiskandkDesign,k8/e
Hoffer, kGeorgek&kValacichk©2017
SystemskAnalysiskandkDesign,k10/e
Kendallk&kKendallk©2019
, k 40th kAnniversarykEdition k
FIFTEENTH kEDITION
DATAB AS E PR O C ES SIN G
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
FUNDAMENTALS, DE SIGN, AND IMPLEMENTATION
k k k
David M. Kroenke
k k
David J. Auer k k
Westernk Washingtonk University
Scott L. Vandenberg
k k
SienakCollege
Robert C. Yoder k k
SienakCollege
, VicekPresident, kITk&kCareers: kAndrew k Gilfillank Se VicekPresident, kProduct kModelkManagement: kJasonk Fournier
niorkPortfolio kManager: kSamanthak Lewisk Managi SeniorkProduct kModelkManager: kErick Hakansonk L
ng kProducer: kLaurak Burgess ead,kProductionkandkDigitalkStudio: kHeather kDarby
AssociatekContent kProducer:kStephany k Harringtonk k DigitalkStudio kCoursekProducer: kJaimiek Noy k Pro
Portfolio kManagementkAssistant: kMadelinek Houpt k gramkMonitor: kSPik Global
Directorkof kProduct kMarketing: kBradk Parkins k Pro Full-Servicek Project k Management
duct kMarketing kManager: kHeather k Taylor k Produc andk Composition: kCenveo®k Publisher k Services
t kMarketing kAssistant: kJesikak Bethea Printer/Binder: kLSCk Communications
Fieldk Marketing k Manager: kMolly k Schmidt CoverkPrinter: kPhoenix
FieldkMarketing kAssistant: kKellik Fisher Text kFont: k10/12k Mentor k Pro
CoverkImage: kCoverkart k“waterfall”kby kDonna kAue
r
Creditskandk acknowledgments k borrowedk fromk other k sources k andk reproduced,k withkpermission,k ink thisk textbookk appear k onk thek appropriatek pagek withink
Microsoftkand/orkitskrespectiveksupplierskmakeknokrepresentationskaboutktheksuitability k ofk thek informationk containedk ink thekdocuments k andk -
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k ofk any kkind.k Microsoftk and/ork itskrespectiveksupplierskhereby kdisclaimkallkwarranties kandkconditions kwithkregardktokthiskinformation,kincludingkallk
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infringement.k Ink nokeventkshallk Microsoftkand/orkitsk respectivek suppliersk bek liablek forkanykspecial,kindirectkorkconsequentialkdamageskork anyk damages
k whatsoever k -
resultingk fromklosskofk use,k datakork profits,kwhetherkinkank actionkofkcontract,knegligencekor kotherk tortiouskaction,k arisingkoutkofk orkinkconnectionkwith
k thek usek or k performancek ofk informationk availablek fromk thek services.
Thek documentsk andkrelatedk graphicskcontainedkhereinkcouldkincludektechnicalkinaccuracieskorktypographicalk errors.k Changeskarek periodicallyk add
edk tok thek informationkherein.kMicrosoft k and/ork itskrespectiveksupplierskmay kmakek improvementsk and/ork changeskink thek product(s)k and/ork thek pr
ogram(s)k describedk hereink atk any k time.k Partialk screenk shots k may k bek viewedk inkfullk withinkthek softwarek versionk specified.
® ® ®
Microsoftk k Windows k ,k andk Microsoft k Officek k arek registeredk trademarks k ofk thek Microsoft kCorporationk ink thek U.S.A.k andk other k countries.k Thisk bookk is
sponsoredk or kendorsedk by kor k affiliatedk withk thekMicrosoft kCorporation.
® ® ® ®
MySQLk ,k thekMySQLk Commandk Linek Clientk ,k thekMySQLk Workbenchk ,k andk thek MySQLk Connector/ODBCk k arek registeredk trademarks k ofk Sun
Microsystems,kInc./Oraclek Corporation.kScreenshots kandk iconskreprintedkwithk permissionkofkOraclekCorporation.kThisk bookk isk notksponsoredkor k endo
rsedk by k or k affiliatedk withk Oraclek Corporation.
Oraclek Databasek12ckReleasek2k andk Oraclek DatabasekExpressk Editionk11gkReleasek2k 2017kbyk OraclekCorporation.kReprintedk withkpermission.kOracl
ek andk Javak arek registeredk-trademarks k ofk Oraclekand/or k itskaffiliates.k Other k nameskmay k bektrademarks k ofk their k respectivek owners.
Mozillak35.104kandkMozillakarekregisteredktrademarkskofkthekMozillakCorporationk and/orkitsk affiliates.kOtherknameskm aykbektrademarkskofktheirkrespectivekowners.
PHPk iskcopyrightkThek PHPkGroupk1999–
2012,k andk isk usedk underk thek termskofk thek PHPk PublickLicensekv3.01k availablek atk http://www.php.net/license/3_01.txt.k Thisk bookkisk notk sponsoredk ork e
ndorsedk by k or k affiliatedk withk Thek PHPk Group.
ArangoDB k isk ak copyright k ofk ArangoDB k GmbH.
Copyright k©k2018,k2016,k2014,k 2012kbykPearsonkEducation,kInc.,k221kRiver kStreet,kHoboken,k NewkJersey k07030.kAllkrightsk reserved.kManufactur
edk ink thekUnitedkStateskofkAmerica.kThiskpublicationkiskprotectedkbyk Copyright,kandkpermissionk shouldkbekobtainedkfromk thekpublisherkpriork tok any
k prohibitedk reproduction,kstoragekinkak retrievalk system,korktransmissionk inkanykformk orkbykanykmeans,kelectronic,kmechanical,kphotocopying,krecord
ing,k or klikewise.k Tok obtainkpermission(s)ktokusekmaterialkfromkthiskwork,kpleaseksubmitkak writtenkrequestktokPearsonk Education,kInc.,kPermissionskD
epartment,k 221k River k Street,k Hoboken,k New k Jersey k 07030.
Many k ofkthekdesignationskbykmanufacturers kandksellersk tok distinguishk theirkproductskarek claimedk asktrademarks.kWherekthosekdesignations kappeark ink t
hisk book,k andk thek publisher k wask awarek ofk ak trademarkk claim,k thek designations khavek beenk printedk ink initialk capsk or kallk caps.
Library k of k Congressk Cataloging-in-Publicationk Data
Names:k Kroenke,k Davidk M.,k1948-
k author.k| kAuer,kDavidkJ.,k author.k|k Vandenberg,kScottkL.,kauthor.k| kYo
der,kRobert kC.,kauthor.
Title:k Databasek processingk:k fundamentals,k design,k andk implementationk /David
M.k Kroenke,kDavidkJ.k Auer,kWesternkWashingtonkUniversity,k ScottkL.
k Vandenberg,k Sienak College,k Robert kC.k Yoder,k Sienak College.k Descri
ption:k 15thkedition,k40thkanniversary kedition.k|k Bostonk:kPearson,k [20
18]k | k Includesk bibliographicalk references k andk index.
Identifiers:k LCCN k 2017041164| k ISBN k 9780134802749k | k ISBN k 0134802748
Subjects:k LCSH:k Databasek management.
Classification:kLCCkQA76.9.D3kK7365k2018k| kDDCk005.74—
dc23kLCkrecordkavailablek atk https://lccn.loc.gov/2017041164
DATAB AS E PR O C ES SI N G
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
FUNDAMENTALS, DE SIGN, AND IMPLEMENTATION
k k k
David M. Kroenke
k k David J. Auer
k k Scott L. Vandenberg
k k Robert C. Yoder
k k
FIFTEENTHk EDITION
, OTHER kMISkTITLESkOFkINTEREST
IntroductorykMIS DecisionkSupportkSystems
ExperiencingkMIS,k8/e BusinesskIntelligence,kAnalytics,kandkDatakSci
Kroenkek&kBoylek©2019 ence,k4/e
Sharda, kDelenk&kTurbank©2018
UsingkMIS,k10/e
Kroenkek&kBoylek©2018 BusinesskIntelligencekandkAnalytics:kSystemskf
orkDecisionkSupport,k10/e
ManagementkInformationkSystems,k15/e Sharda, kDelenk&kTurbank©2014
Laudonk&k Laudonk©2018
EssentialskofkMIS,k13/e DatakCommunicationsk&kNetworking
Laudonk&k Laudonk©2019 AppliedkNetworkingkLabs,k2/e
Processes,kSystems,kandkInformation:kAnkI Boylek ©2014
ntroductionktokMIS,k3/e DigitalkBusinesskNetworks
McKinney k &k Kroenkek ©2019 Dooley k ©2014
InformationkSystemskToday,k8/e BusinesskDatakNetworkskandkSecurity,k11/e
Valacichk &k Schneiderk ©2018 Panko k&kPanko k©2019
IntroductionktokInformationkSystems,k3/e
Wallacek ©2018 ElectronickCommerce
E-
Database commercek2018:kBusiness.kTechnology.kS
Hands-onk Database,k 2/e ociety,k14/e
Congerk ©2014 Laudonk&kTraverk©2019
Modernk Databasek Management,k 13/e EnterprisekResourcekPlanning
Hoffer, kRameshk&kTopik©2019
EnterprisekSystemskforkManagement,k2/e
Databasek Concepts,k 8/e Motiwallak&k Thompsonk ©2012
Kroenke, kAuer, kVandenbergk&kYoderk©2018
ProjectkManagement
DatabasekProcessing,k15/e
Kroenke, kAuer, kVandenbergk&kYoderk©2019 ProjectkManagement:kProcess,kTechnologykan
dkPractice
SystemskAnalysiskandkDesign Vaidyanathank©2013
ModernkSystemskAnalysiskandkDesign,k8/e
Hoffer, kGeorgek&kValacichk©2017
SystemskAnalysiskandkDesign,k10/e
Kendallk&kKendallk©2019
, k 40th kAnniversarykEdition k
FIFTEENTH kEDITION
DATAB AS E PR O C ES SIN G
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
FUNDAMENTALS, DE SIGN, AND IMPLEMENTATION
k k k
David M. Kroenke
k k
David J. Auer k k
Westernk Washingtonk University
Scott L. Vandenberg
k k
SienakCollege
Robert C. Yoder k k
SienakCollege
, VicekPresident, kITk&kCareers: kAndrew k Gilfillank Se VicekPresident, kProduct kModelkManagement: kJasonk Fournier
niorkPortfolio kManager: kSamanthak Lewisk Managi SeniorkProduct kModelkManager: kErick Hakansonk L
ng kProducer: kLaurak Burgess ead,kProductionkandkDigitalkStudio: kHeather kDarby
AssociatekContent kProducer:kStephany k Harringtonk k DigitalkStudio kCoursekProducer: kJaimiek Noy k Pro
Portfolio kManagementkAssistant: kMadelinek Houpt k gramkMonitor: kSPik Global
Directorkof kProduct kMarketing: kBradk Parkins k Pro Full-Servicek Project k Management
duct kMarketing kManager: kHeather k Taylor k Produc andk Composition: kCenveo®k Publisher k Services
t kMarketing kAssistant: kJesikak Bethea Printer/Binder: kLSCk Communications
Fieldk Marketing k Manager: kMolly k Schmidt CoverkPrinter: kPhoenix
FieldkMarketing kAssistant: kKellik Fisher Text kFont: k10/12k Mentor k Pro
CoverkImage: kCoverkart k“waterfall”kby kDonna kAue
r
Creditskandk acknowledgments k borrowedk fromk other k sources k andk reproduced,k withkpermission,k ink thisk textbookk appear k onk thek appropriatek pagek withink
Microsoftkand/orkitskrespectiveksupplierskmakeknokrepresentationskaboutktheksuitability k ofk thek informationk containedk ink thekdocuments k andk -
relatedk graphicskpublishedkaskpartk ofkthekserviceskforkanykpurpose.kAllksuchkdocumentskandkrelatedkgraphicskarekprovidedk “askis”kwithoutkwarranty
k ofk any kkind.k Microsoftk and/ork itskrespectiveksupplierskhereby kdisclaimkallkwarranties kandkconditions kwithkregardktokthiskinformation,kincludingkallk
-warranties k andk conditions k ofk merchantability,k whether k express,k impliedk or k statutory,k fitnessk for k ak particular k purpose,k titlek andk non-
infringement.k Ink nokeventkshallk Microsoftkand/orkitsk respectivek suppliersk bek liablek forkanykspecial,kindirectkorkconsequentialkdamageskork anyk damages
k whatsoever k -
resultingk fromklosskofk use,k datakork profits,kwhetherkinkank actionkofkcontract,knegligencekor kotherk tortiouskaction,k arisingkoutkofk orkinkconnectionkwith
k thek usek or k performancek ofk informationk availablek fromk thek services.
Thek documentsk andkrelatedk graphicskcontainedkhereinkcouldkincludektechnicalkinaccuracieskorktypographicalk errors.k Changeskarek periodicallyk add
edk tok thek informationkherein.kMicrosoft k and/ork itskrespectiveksupplierskmay kmakek improvementsk and/ork changeskink thek product(s)k and/ork thek pr
ogram(s)k describedk hereink atk any k time.k Partialk screenk shots k may k bek viewedk inkfullk withinkthek softwarek versionk specified.
® ® ®
Microsoftk k Windows k ,k andk Microsoft k Officek k arek registeredk trademarks k ofk thek Microsoft kCorporationk ink thek U.S.A.k andk other k countries.k Thisk bookk is
sponsoredk or kendorsedk by kor k affiliatedk withk thekMicrosoft kCorporation.
® ® ® ®
MySQLk ,k thekMySQLk Commandk Linek Clientk ,k thekMySQLk Workbenchk ,k andk thek MySQLk Connector/ODBCk k arek registeredk trademarks k ofk Sun
Microsystems,kInc./Oraclek Corporation.kScreenshots kandk iconskreprintedkwithk permissionkofkOraclekCorporation.kThisk bookk isk notksponsoredkor k endo
rsedk by k or k affiliatedk withk Oraclek Corporation.
Oraclek Databasek12ckReleasek2k andk Oraclek DatabasekExpressk Editionk11gkReleasek2k 2017kbyk OraclekCorporation.kReprintedk withkpermission.kOracl
ek andk Javak arek registeredk-trademarks k ofk Oraclekand/or k itskaffiliates.k Other k nameskmay k bektrademarks k ofk their k respectivek owners.
Mozillak35.104kandkMozillakarekregisteredktrademarkskofkthekMozillakCorporationk and/orkitsk affiliates.kOtherknameskm aykbektrademarkskofktheirkrespectivekowners.
PHPk iskcopyrightkThek PHPkGroupk1999–
2012,k andk isk usedk underk thek termskofk thek PHPk PublickLicensekv3.01k availablek atk http://www.php.net/license/3_01.txt.k Thisk bookkisk notk sponsoredk ork e
ndorsedk by k or k affiliatedk withk Thek PHPk Group.
ArangoDB k isk ak copyright k ofk ArangoDB k GmbH.
Copyright k©k2018,k2016,k2014,k 2012kbykPearsonkEducation,kInc.,k221kRiver kStreet,kHoboken,k NewkJersey k07030.kAllkrightsk reserved.kManufactur
edk ink thekUnitedkStateskofkAmerica.kThiskpublicationkiskprotectedkbyk Copyright,kandkpermissionk shouldkbekobtainedkfromk thekpublisherkpriork tok any
k prohibitedk reproduction,kstoragekinkak retrievalk system,korktransmissionk inkanykformk orkbykanykmeans,kelectronic,kmechanical,kphotocopying,krecord
ing,k or klikewise.k Tok obtainkpermission(s)ktokusekmaterialkfromkthiskwork,kpleaseksubmitkak writtenkrequestktokPearsonk Education,kInc.,kPermissionskD
epartment,k 221k River k Street,k Hoboken,k New k Jersey k 07030.
Many k ofkthekdesignationskbykmanufacturers kandksellersk tok distinguishk theirkproductskarek claimedk asktrademarks.kWherekthosekdesignations kappeark ink t
hisk book,k andk thek publisher k wask awarek ofk ak trademarkk claim,k thek designations khavek beenk printedk ink initialk capsk or kallk caps.
Library k of k Congressk Cataloging-in-Publicationk Data
Names:k Kroenke,k Davidk M.,k1948-
k author.k| kAuer,kDavidkJ.,k author.k|k Vandenberg,kScottkL.,kauthor.k| kYo
der,kRobert kC.,kauthor.
Title:k Databasek processingk:k fundamentals,k design,k andk implementationk /David
M.k Kroenke,kDavidkJ.k Auer,kWesternkWashingtonkUniversity,k ScottkL.
k Vandenberg,k Sienak College,k Robert kC.k Yoder,k Sienak College.k Descri
ption:k 15thkedition,k40thkanniversary kedition.k|k Bostonk:kPearson,k [20
18]k | k Includesk bibliographicalk references k andk index.
Identifiers:k LCCN k 2017041164| k ISBN k 9780134802749k | k ISBN k 0134802748
Subjects:k LCSH:k Databasek management.
Classification:kLCCkQA76.9.D3kK7365k2018k| kDDCk005.74—
dc23kLCkrecordkavailablek atk https://lccn.loc.gov/2017041164
