Genetic Mutations Exam With Correct
Detailed Answers.
Point mutation deletion - ANSWER- A genetic mutation in which one base is omitted or
left out; A change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the chromosome is
removed.
insertion - ANSWER- A type of point mutation involving the addition of one or more
nucleotide pairs to a gene; one base is inserted or removed from the DNA sequence.
The bases are still read in groups of three, but now those groupings shift in every codon
that follows the mutation.
inversion - ANSWER- A mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a
chromosome is reversed; reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome.
translocation - ANSWER- The process in which a segment of a chromosome breaks off
and attaches to another chromosome; occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off
and attaches to another.
mutagen - ANSWER- A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes
a mutation.
mutation - ANSWER- An alteration in DNA structure or sequence of a gene; heritable
changes in genetic information.
frameshift mutation - ANSWER- A mutation caused by an insertion or deletion of base
pairs in a gene sequence in DNA such that the reading frame of the gene, and thus the
amino acid sequence of the protein is altered.
point mutation - ANSWER- A mutation in which only one or a few nucleotides or
nitrogenous bases in a gene are changed; they occur at a single point in the DNA
sequence and generally occur during replication.
duplication - ANSWER- Type of chromosomal mutation that produces an extra copy of
all or part of a chromosome.
When mutations produce an extra part or copies of chromosomes.
substitution - ANSWER- A mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced
with a different nucleotide; one nitrogenous base is changed to another and may only
affect one amino acid, if any.
gene mutations - ANSWER- produces changes in a single gene.
Detailed Answers.
Point mutation deletion - ANSWER- A genetic mutation in which one base is omitted or
left out; A change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the chromosome is
removed.
insertion - ANSWER- A type of point mutation involving the addition of one or more
nucleotide pairs to a gene; one base is inserted or removed from the DNA sequence.
The bases are still read in groups of three, but now those groupings shift in every codon
that follows the mutation.
inversion - ANSWER- A mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a
chromosome is reversed; reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome.
translocation - ANSWER- The process in which a segment of a chromosome breaks off
and attaches to another chromosome; occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off
and attaches to another.
mutagen - ANSWER- A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes
a mutation.
mutation - ANSWER- An alteration in DNA structure or sequence of a gene; heritable
changes in genetic information.
frameshift mutation - ANSWER- A mutation caused by an insertion or deletion of base
pairs in a gene sequence in DNA such that the reading frame of the gene, and thus the
amino acid sequence of the protein is altered.
point mutation - ANSWER- A mutation in which only one or a few nucleotides or
nitrogenous bases in a gene are changed; they occur at a single point in the DNA
sequence and generally occur during replication.
duplication - ANSWER- Type of chromosomal mutation that produces an extra copy of
all or part of a chromosome.
When mutations produce an extra part or copies of chromosomes.
substitution - ANSWER- A mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced
with a different nucleotide; one nitrogenous base is changed to another and may only
affect one amino acid, if any.
gene mutations - ANSWER- produces changes in a single gene.
