ATLS Advanced Trauma Life Support
ATLS Written Examination & Practical Skills Assessment
Course Title and Number: ATLS Written Examination &
Practical Skills Assessment
Exam Title: ATLS Exam
Exam Date: Exam 2025- 2026
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ATLS Advanced Trauma Life Support Exam Review
Questions and Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed |
Graded A+ |
2025- 2026
ATLS Written Examination & Practical Skills Assessment
ATLS Advanced Trauma Life Support Exam
Read All Instructions Carefully and Answer All the
Questions Correctly Good Luck: -
Sensory examination - =Answer>> KEY SENSORY LANDMARKS
(American Spinal Injury Association, ASIA)
C2 - Occipital protuberance
C3 - Supraclavicular fossa
C4 - Top of AC joint
C5 - Lateral antecubital fossa
C6 - Thumb, dorsal surface, proximal phalanges
C7 - Middle finger, dorsal surface, proximal phalanges
C8 - Little finger, dorsal surface, proximal phalanges
T1 - Medial (ulnar) antecubital fossa
T2 - Apex of axilla
T3 - 3rd ICS
T4 - 4th ICS
T5 - 5th ICS
T6 - 6th ICS (xiphoid process)
T7 - 7th ICS (midway between T6-7)
T8 - 8th ICS (midway between T6 & T10)
T9 - 9th ICS (midway between T8 & T10)
T10 - 10th ICS (umbilicus)
T11 - 11th ICS (midway between T10 & T12)
L1 - Midway between T12 & L2
L2 - Mid-anterior thigh
L3 - Medial femoral condyle
L4 - Medial malleolus
L5 - Dorsum of foot, 3rd MTPJ
S1 - Lateral heel
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S2 - Popliteal fossa, mid-line
S3 - Ischial tuberosity
S4-5 - Perianal area
Key myotomes - =Answer>> C5 - Deltoid
C6 - Flexes forearm - bicep
C7 - Extends forearm - tricep
C8 - Flexes wrist & fingers
T1 - Small finger abductors - abductor digiti minimi
L2 - Hip flexors - Iliopsoas
L3,4 - Knee extensors - quadriceps, patellar reflex
L4,5 to S1 - Knee flexion - hamstrings
L5 - Ankle & big toe dorsiflexion - Tibialis anterior & extensor
hallucis longus
S1 - Ankle plantar flexors - gastrocnemius, soleus
Neurogenic shock - =Answer>> Impairment of descending
sympathetic pathways in cervical / upper thoracic spinal cord
Loss of:
→ vasomotor tone
↓
vasodilation / blood pooling / hypotension
→ sympathetic innervation of heart
↓
Bradycardia / failure of tachycardia
(Rare in spinal cord injury below T6)
Spinal shock - =Answer>> Flaccidity & areflexia after spinal cord
injury
Spinal cord syndromes - Central cord syndrome - =Answer>>
Greater loss of motor strength in upper than lower extremities
∵ motor fibres of cervical segments are topographically
arranged toward centre of cord
+ varying degrees of sensory loss
MECHANISM
- Hyperextension injury with preexisting cervical canal stenosis
- Forward fall with facial impact
- Vascular compromise of anterior spinal artery supplying
central portion of cord
RECOVERY (characteristic pattern)
1) Lower extremities
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2) Bladder function
3) Proximal upper extremities
4) Hands - last
Spinal cord syndromes - Anterior cord syndrome - =Answer>> i)
Paraplegia
ii) Dissociated sensory loss
- pain & temperature loss
iii) Dorsal column function (position, vibration & deep pressure
sensation) preserved
Spinal cord syndromes - Brown-Sequard syndrome - =Answer>>
Hemisection of cord - penetrating trauma
1) Ipsilateral motor loss (corticospinal tract)
2) Ipsilateral loss of proprioception (dorsal column)
3) Contralateral loss of pain & temperature (spinothalamic) - 1-
2 levels below level of injury
Odontoid fractures - =Answer>> 60% of C2 fractures involve
odontoid process
TYPE 1
Tip of odontoid - uncommon
TYPE 2
Base of dens - most common
TYPE 3
Base of dens & extend obliquely into body of axis
Fractures & dislocations (C3 - C7) - =Answer>> C3 FRACTURE
- Uncommon
- Positioned between vulnerable axis & mobile C5/6
(responsible for greatest flexion / extension)
MOST COMMON LEVEL OF FRACTURE
C5
MOST COMMON LEVEL OF SUBLUXATION
C5 on C6
Thoracic Spine Fractures (T1 - T10) - =Answer>> 1) Anterior
wedge compression injuries
- axial loading with flexion
2) Burst injury
- vertical-axial compression
3) Chance fractures
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