GNRS 554 week 6 and 7: medications Questions
and Answers| Latest Update
What is true about the pharmacological management of TB? - for active TB, drugs are
given in combination over a prolonger time period (9-12 months for max effectiveness): TB
drugs die slowly
- ALSO! we must use COMBINATION meds for max effectiveness
Isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid) - one of the TB first line medications used in the combo
- narrow-spectrum antibiotic
- interferes with cell-wall synthesis of mycobacteria
what is one major side effect of TB drugs causes hepatitis {liver inflammation: liver
infection caused by hepatitis B virus}- liver can't break down the combination of drugs
(Isoniazid and refampin)
what drugs are used to prevent inactive TB from activating - Isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid)
YES!! in active TB it treats it and in inactive TB it prevents activation
What forms are TB medications available in ONLY Oral in the community!!
which TB med results in orange urine and possible orange in other body fluids? Rifampin
,What drug can result in hearing difficulty Streptomycin
- its antibiotic class: aminoglycosides result in OTOTOXICITY (damage to ears: hearing loss)
Streptomyocin antibiotic sometimes used in TB cocktail
- it is an aminoglycosides which is RELATED TO HEARING LOSS (ototoxicity)
pneumothorax is... caused by air entering pleural cavity
small pneumothorax clinical manifestations mild tachycardia and dyspnea
large pneumothorax clinical manifestations RESPIRATORY DISTRESS may be present
- shallow, rapid respirations
- dyspnea
- air hungry: gasping for air
_ oxygen desaturation
spontaneous pneumothorax from rupture of blebs on surface of lungs
can occur in...
1. primary spontaneous: NO underlying disease process- tall thin males!
2. can occur in disease processes like pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, COPD
,iatrogenic pneumothorax caused by medical procedures (ex: THORACENTESIS or
NEEDLE BIOPSY)
tension pneumothorax a type of pneumothorax in which air that enters the chest cavity is
prevented from escaping
- one way valve
- air compresses the affected side then eventually starts getting the good side
- mediastinum shift to unaffected side
- as pressure increases venous return decreases and CO decreases..... we also have all this
pressure in the heart with a heart that can't pump like it once did RESULTING IN HEART
FAILURE
hemothorax blood accumulating in the pleural space (requires a chest tube)
- type of pleural effusion
hemothorax with pneumothorax hemopneumothorax (blood and air in the pleural cavity)
hemothorax accumulation of blood in pleural cavity
****immediate insertion of chest tube required****
, chylothorax - Presence of lymphatic fluid in the pleural space.- - From trauma or
malignancy (cancer likes letting out fluid)- - Normal lymphatic flow through thoracic duct is
1500 to 2500 ml/day (or more after ingestion of fats!)
stridor strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by OBSTRUCTION in
the pharynx or larynx
reddened pharynx upper RTI
inflammed tonsils upper RTI
voice hoarseness laryngitis
tongue: leukoplakia smoking (sign on laryngeal cancer)
Crackles are heard from the lung bases to the midline indicate Fluid Build Up in the
lungs: POSSIBLE congestive heart failure so immediate action required
what are the NSAIDs non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, ibuprofen,
naproxen )
HAVE ANTICOAGULATIVE PROPERTIES
treat: pain, fever, inflammation
and Answers| Latest Update
What is true about the pharmacological management of TB? - for active TB, drugs are
given in combination over a prolonger time period (9-12 months for max effectiveness): TB
drugs die slowly
- ALSO! we must use COMBINATION meds for max effectiveness
Isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid) - one of the TB first line medications used in the combo
- narrow-spectrum antibiotic
- interferes with cell-wall synthesis of mycobacteria
what is one major side effect of TB drugs causes hepatitis {liver inflammation: liver
infection caused by hepatitis B virus}- liver can't break down the combination of drugs
(Isoniazid and refampin)
what drugs are used to prevent inactive TB from activating - Isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid)
YES!! in active TB it treats it and in inactive TB it prevents activation
What forms are TB medications available in ONLY Oral in the community!!
which TB med results in orange urine and possible orange in other body fluids? Rifampin
,What drug can result in hearing difficulty Streptomycin
- its antibiotic class: aminoglycosides result in OTOTOXICITY (damage to ears: hearing loss)
Streptomyocin antibiotic sometimes used in TB cocktail
- it is an aminoglycosides which is RELATED TO HEARING LOSS (ototoxicity)
pneumothorax is... caused by air entering pleural cavity
small pneumothorax clinical manifestations mild tachycardia and dyspnea
large pneumothorax clinical manifestations RESPIRATORY DISTRESS may be present
- shallow, rapid respirations
- dyspnea
- air hungry: gasping for air
_ oxygen desaturation
spontaneous pneumothorax from rupture of blebs on surface of lungs
can occur in...
1. primary spontaneous: NO underlying disease process- tall thin males!
2. can occur in disease processes like pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, COPD
,iatrogenic pneumothorax caused by medical procedures (ex: THORACENTESIS or
NEEDLE BIOPSY)
tension pneumothorax a type of pneumothorax in which air that enters the chest cavity is
prevented from escaping
- one way valve
- air compresses the affected side then eventually starts getting the good side
- mediastinum shift to unaffected side
- as pressure increases venous return decreases and CO decreases..... we also have all this
pressure in the heart with a heart that can't pump like it once did RESULTING IN HEART
FAILURE
hemothorax blood accumulating in the pleural space (requires a chest tube)
- type of pleural effusion
hemothorax with pneumothorax hemopneumothorax (blood and air in the pleural cavity)
hemothorax accumulation of blood in pleural cavity
****immediate insertion of chest tube required****
, chylothorax - Presence of lymphatic fluid in the pleural space.- - From trauma or
malignancy (cancer likes letting out fluid)- - Normal lymphatic flow through thoracic duct is
1500 to 2500 ml/day (or more after ingestion of fats!)
stridor strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by OBSTRUCTION in
the pharynx or larynx
reddened pharynx upper RTI
inflammed tonsils upper RTI
voice hoarseness laryngitis
tongue: leukoplakia smoking (sign on laryngeal cancer)
Crackles are heard from the lung bases to the midline indicate Fluid Build Up in the
lungs: POSSIBLE congestive heart failure so immediate action required
what are the NSAIDs non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, ibuprofen,
naproxen )
HAVE ANTICOAGULATIVE PROPERTIES
treat: pain, fever, inflammation
