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Samenvatting embryologie - module 3 - 1ste jaar - vroedkunde

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EMBRYOLOGIE
INHOUDSOPGAVE
van ovulatie tot implantatie ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

Spermatozoa .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

Keywords.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

Klievingsdelingen ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

Dag 4: compactie ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Dag 5 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

de blastula ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5

Pre-implantatie embryo ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Na de Adhesie de innesteling ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

Trofoblast ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

dag 8: Tweebladige kiemschijf ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Verdere evolutie trofoblast ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Ontstaan van amnionholte....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Dag 9: Ontwikkeling van hypoblast tot gesloten blaasje ................................................................................................................................................................ 9

Verder veranderingen in dag 9 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9

Dag 11 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Algemene veranderingen Dag 11 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Dag 13 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Primaire hechtvlokken ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Secundaire dooierzak ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11

Ontwikkeling chorionholte ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Prechordale plaat ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Topografie .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Addendum : de verschillende vlakken .................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

dag 15: Driebladige kiemschijf ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

Gastrulatie ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12

Primitief streep ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

Embryonaal mesoderm .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

Invaginastie ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13

Na invaginatie ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14

Na gastrulatie ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Uitzondering Middelste kiemlaag .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Dag 17: Ontstaan van chorda uitsteeksel ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 15

Ontstaan van Prenotochordcellen.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 15

Dag 19 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16

vormen definitieve chorda dorsalis ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 16

Groei van de kiemschijf .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17

Embryonale periode........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18

Ectoderm...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18

Derivaten ectodermaal kiemblad ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 19


1

, Trilaminar Embryo.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19

Ontwikkeling hersenen .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19

Mesoderm.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22

Ontwikkeling Mesoderm ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 22

Paraxiaal mesoderm............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22

Het intermediair mesoderm ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Lateraal plaat ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Derivaten mesodermaal kiemblad ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 24

Bloed en bloedvaten .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24

endoderm .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26

Derivaten endodermaal kiemblad........................................................................................................................................................................................ 26

Folding of the embryo ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 26

ductus vitellinus ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29

Caudaal deel endoderm ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29

Foetale periode (2M – geboorte) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31

Uitwendige lichaamsvorm op twee maand .................................................................................................................................................................................. 31

Kieuwboog ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 31

Uitzicht week 5 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31

meetmethoden ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31

Ontstaan van de extremiteiten .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 31

Maandelijkse veranderingen ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 31

Placenta ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 32

Trofoblast ontwikkeling.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32

Verdere ontwikkeling trofoblast ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 33

primaire villi ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33

secundaire villi ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33

tertiaire villi ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 33

Soorten vlokken ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 34

Uitwisselingsvlokken .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34

Chorion frondosum en chorion laeve ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 34

Chorion frondosum ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 34

decidua : Veranderend endometrium in zw ........................................................................................................................................................................... 35

Chorion en decidua bij embryo groei ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 35

Placenta : de bloeddoorstroming ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 36

Bloed moeder......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36

Placenta ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 36

De vruchtvliezen ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 37

Vier vruchtvliezen ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 37

De dooierzak .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37

Amnion en navelstreng .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37

Allantois ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 38

Chorion................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38

Gametogenese → Zie canvas ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 39

spermatogenese en oögenese ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39

primordiale follikel : ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39

Organogenese .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 39

Het urogenitaal stelsel ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40

2

,uropoëtisch stelsel ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40

Tractus uropoeticus ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40

Pronefros = voornier .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 40

mesonefros = oernier ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 41

metanephros = definitieve nier .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 42

Ligging nier ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 43

Functie van de ‘nier’ bij het embryo....................................................................................................................................................................................... 43

Blaas en urethra ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 43

Positie verplaatsing ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 44

Uitmondingen vormen blaasdriehoek .................................................................................................................................................................................... 45

Extra tekeningen .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45

genitaal stelsel ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 46

gonadenplooi ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 46

Testis ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47

Ovarium ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 48

De geslachtsbuizen................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 48

Uitwendige geslachtsorganen ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 51

Man uitwendige geslachtsorganen ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 52

Uitwendige genitalia bij de vrouw .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 53

extra tekeningen .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 53




3

, VAN OVULATIE TOT IMPLANTATIE
SPERMATOZOA

Spermatozoa moet 2 reacties ondergaan:

- Capacitatie : een huidje van glycoproteïnen en seminale plasmaproteïnen wordt
verwijderd van de kop van de spermatozoön
- Acrosomale reactie : trypsineachtige stoffen worden vrijgemaakt om de
penetratie in de oöcyt mogelijk te maken

Spermatozoa moet vlgd structuren penetreren

- De corona radiata
- De zona pellucida
- De celmembraan van de oöcyt

Zodra spermatozoa binnen oöcyt :

- eicel tweede meiotische deling en zo vrouwelijke pronucleus vormen
- De zona pellucida ondoordringbaar worden
- De spermatozoa zijn staart verliezen , zwellen en de mannelijke pronucleus
vormen


KEYWORDS


Conceptie Ovum Embryo Foetus Fertilisatie Implantatie Oöcyt
matuur ovum + 0-14 dagen 2w-8w 2m – geboorte Enkele uren 7d na fertilistie Eicel bij
levensvatbaar tot 2d na ovulatie (2de
spermacel ovulatie meiotische
deling)



- Van blastocyt naar embryo naar foetus naar
geboorte
- Vrouwelijke pronucleus + mannelijke pronucleus
- Zygote
- Klievingsdelingen : mitotische delingen


KLIEVINGSDELINGEN

- 30h
o 2 cellig stadium : blastomeer
o Tuba uterina
- 40h
o 4 cellig stadium
o Tuba uterina
- 3-4 d
o Morula
o Uterus




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